Revisiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Homeostasis, an Expanding Frontier Between Host Plants and Pathogens

Plant Cell & Environment, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 25, 2024

ABSTRACT The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves as the primary site for protein biosynthesis and processing, with ER homeostasis being essential survival of plant cells. Numerous studies have underscored pivotal role a battleground host–pathogen interactions. Pathogens secrete effectors to subvert host manipulate ER‐mediated defense responses, fostering an infection‐permissive environment their proliferation. Plants respond these challenges by triggering stress including unfolded response (UPR), autophagy, cell death pathways, combat pathogens ensure survival. Consequently, plants are faced life‐or‐death decision, directly influencing outcomes pathogen infection. In this review, recent advances in manipulating introduced, further key counteracting strategies employed maintain during infection summarized, finally, several pending questions involving both parties evolving field proposed.

Язык: Английский

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Auxin in Plant Defense Reactions: New Insights and Potential Applications for Resistance Breeding Programmes

Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown, С. 102 - 112

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2023

The role of auxin in growth and development plants has been studied documented since its discovery; however, plant defense during pathogenic infection more recently. With the aim to provide new insights update knowledge this field biology, review was carried out focusing on specific associated signaling against a wide array bacterial fungal pathogens, as special references. This illustrates including indole-3-acetic acid, mechanism auxin-responsive gene action, crosstalk with other hormone pathways. Loads evidence support that biology favoring repressed signaling, responsive activation hormonal hormones such salicylic acid jasmonic pathway is vital for host pathogens. As paper unravels defense, classical molecular breeders would get background insight into engineering enhanced resistance introduction or manipulation desirable pathway. current domain pathogen could be improved by considering multiple pathogens nature, their interaction beneficial microbes future research works.

Язык: Английский

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The same boat, different storm: stress volatile emissions in response to biotrophic fungal infections in primary and alternate hosts

Plant Signaling & Behavior, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Май 26, 2023

Rust infection results in stress volatile emissions, but due to the complexity of host-pathogen interaction and variations innate defense capacity induce defense, biochemical responses can vary among host species. Fungal-dependent modifications emissions have been well documented numerous species, how emission species is poorly understood. Our recent experiments demonstrated that obligate biotrophic crown rust fungus (P. coronata) differently activated primary secondary metabolic pathways its Avena sativa alternate Rhamnus frangula. In A. sativa, methyl jasmonate, short-chained lipoxygenase products, long-chained saturated fatty acid derivatives, mono- sesquiterpenes, carotenoid breakdown benzenoids were initially elicited an severity-dependent manner, decreased under severe photosynthesis was almost completely inhibited. R. frangula, resulted low-level induction surprisingly, enhanced constitutive isoprene even severely-infected leaves maintained a certain rate. Thus, same pathogen much stronger response than host. We argue future work should focus on resolving mechanisms different fungal tolerance resilience hosts.

Язык: Английский

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Ustilago maydis Yeast Mutant Produces Cytosolic Melanin by Tyrosine-Tyrosinase Activity with Stain Biosorption Capability

Applied Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(20), С. 11288 - 11288

Опубликована: Окт. 14, 2023

Ustilago maydis is a biotrophic basidiomycete fungus that infects corn plants and works as an excellent phytopathogen model, facilitating numerous genetic transformations for studying the mechanisms of plant infection. A random mutation event in mutant strains designed to investigate physiological significance two plasma membrane proton-ATPases this model resulted pigmented phenotype strain. For study, FB2 strain ΔPMA1 were chosen assess pigment, which was confirmed melanin through thin-layer chromatography, UV, IR spectrophotometry. The observed accumulate cytosol, evident from scanning transmission electron microscopy, did not interfere with normal cell growth yeast extract peptone dextrose media or minimal media. Notably, exhibited 25% higher yield compared wild-type cells. To analyze synthesis, tyrosinase activity measured phosphate buffer at pH 6.5. enzyme demonstrated greater tyrosine substrate than L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine, maintaining same trend ion preference. Both cells subjected biosorption experiments, revealing mutants excess cytosolic capable removing least 50 ppm methylene blue. In conclusion, U. can cytosol without adverse effects presents biotechnological potential dye removal.

Язык: Английский

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Autonecrotic Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Line as a Potential Model for Applications in Proximal Sensing of Biotic and Abiotic Stress

Agriculture, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1), С. 136 - 136

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2024

The autonecrotic tomato line V20368 (working code IGSV) spontaneously develops necrotic lesions with acropetal progression in response to an increase temperature and light irradiation. process is associated the interaction between a Cladosporium fulvum, fungal agent of leaf mold. contemporary presence in-house allele encoding Rcr3lyc protein resistance gene Cf-2pim (from Solanum pimpinellifolium) causes auto-necrosis on leaves even absence pathogen (hybrid necrosis). aim work was (i) examine potential value genotype as model system for setting up theoretical guidance monitoring phytosanitary status plants (ii) develop predictive early detection pathogens (or other stresses) or species. Eighteen IGSV individuals at 4–5th true-leaf stage were grown three rows (six per row) considered be replicates. healthy control F1 hybrid Elisir (Olter). A second mutant (SA410) deriving from cross lutescent (l) used during foliar analysis via microspectrometry. mutants normal monitored through portable VIS/NIR spectrometer SCIOTM (Consumer Physics, Tel Aviv, Israel) covering spectral range 740 1070 nm. Two months after transplant, autonecrosis showed symptomatic areas (basal, median, apical) each plant: necrotic, partially damaged, green, respectively. Significantly lower chlorophyll content found basal median compared (Elisir). supervised classification/modelling method (SIMCA) used. Applying SIMCA dataset 162 samples led identification boundary damaged (translational critical distance). 10 nm wavelength ranges centred 865 1055 exhibited stronger link symptomatology reflectance. Studies specific highly informative type described may allow development models proximal sensing.

Язык: Английский

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