Role of Fluid Dynamics in Infectious Disease Transmission: Insights from COVID-19 and Other Pathogens

Trends in Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(8), С. 8287 - 8287

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024

The spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19 depends on complex fluid dynamics interactions between pathogens and phases, including individual droplets multiphase clouds. Understanding these is crucial for predicting controlling disease spread. This applies to human animal exhalations, coughs sneezes, well bursting bubbles that create micron-sized in various indoor outdoor environments. By exploring case studies this regard, study examines the emerging field transmission, focusing flows, interfacial turbulence, pathogens, traffic, aerosol ventilation, breathing microenvironments. These results indicate increased ventilation rates local methods can effectively reduce concentration SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols immediate spaces individuals. In a displacement-ventilated room, both neutral unstable conditions were more effective removing breathed from air, regardless presence test subjects. However, stable may increase risk infection individuals living confined spaces. Thus, findings are useful providing practical guidance managing airborne infections. HIGHLIGHTS Fluid affect transmission explored flow, dispersion, respiratory zones Increased SARS-CoV-2 Displacement eliminates under Cramped damp environments GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Язык: Английский

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Polystyrene microplastics alter the trophic transfer and biotoxicity of fluoxetine in an aquatic food chain

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 470, С. 134179 - 134179

Опубликована: Март 30, 2024

Microplastics (MPs) and fluoxetine are ubiquitous emerging pollutants in aquatic environments that may interact with each other due to the carrier effects of MPs, posing unpredictable risks non-target organisms. However, limited studies have focused on MPs food chain. This study evaluated influences polystyrene trophic transfer biotoxicity a simple chain composed brine shrimp (Artemia nauplii) zebrafish (Danio rerio). The findings revealed enhanced accumulation waterborne shrimp, but suppressed distinct retention times. accumulated was further transferred fish through chain, which alleviated by their cleaning effects. In addition, specific neurotransmission induced mitigated whilst oxidative damage, apoptosis, immune responses were reversely stimulating effect. These highlight alleviating providing new insights into context increasing global MP pollution. microplastics attracted rapidly attention potential threats organisms, particularly knowledge regarding is still poorly understood Herein, we investigated co-existing results finding provides under microplastic

Язык: Английский

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Embryonic toxicology evaluation of novel Cissus quadrangularis, bioceramics and tendon extracellular matrix incorporated scaffolds for periodontal bone regeneration using zebrafish model

Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(3), С. 563 - 569

Опубликована: Март 26, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Development and Assessment of <i>In-Situ</i> Gel Formulation for Ocular Pain and Inflammation

International Journal of Newgen Research in Pharmacy & Healthcare, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 248 - 254

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2024

The present study aimed to develop and assess an in situ gel formulation of Nepafenac for treating ocular pain inflammation. was created using different polymer concentrations, including Carbopol-940 (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% 0.5% w/v), HPMC50 (1.5% HPMC15 (0.6% w/v) HPMC5 (0.5%), as a pH-sensitive gelling system enhance contact time, achieve controlled release, reduce administration frequency, improve therapeutic efficacy the drug. visual appearance, clarity, melting point, pH, durg content, in-situ gelation time were evaluated prepared gels. Viscosity solubility studies also conducted. Results indicated that polymeric gels had transparent clear appearance satisfactory capacity. All optimized formulations drug content ranging between 94.29–98.68%.The demonstrated pseudoplastic behavior, light yellow therapeutically effective, stable, released sustainedly over eight hours.

Язык: Английский

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Exposure routes induce differential intestinal damage in zebrafish from polystyrene microplastics

Process Safety and Environmental Protection, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 107020 - 107020

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Therapeutic Potential of Green Synthesized Polyherbal Formulated Silver Nanoparticles in Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Mellitus—An In Vivo Strategy

Biological Trace Element Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 12, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Application and Safety Research of Nanotechnology in Cosmetics: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects

BioNanoScience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(2)

Опубликована: Март 22, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The dose disrupts the pathway: application of Paracelsus principle to mechanistic toxicology

Toxicological Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 200(2), С. 228 - 234

Опубликована: Май 7, 2024

Abstract Arguably the most famous principle of toxicology is “The dose makes poison” formulated by Paracelsus in 16th century. Application Paracelsus’s to mechanistic may be challenging as one compound affect many molecular pathways at different doses with and often nonlinear dose-response relationships. As a result, studies environmental occupational compounds use high xenobiotics motivated need see clear signal indicating disruption particular pathway. This approach ignores possibility that same xenobiotic mechanism(s) much lower relevant human exposures. To amend simple concise guiding principle, I suggest recontextualization following its letter spirit: disrupts pathway”. Justification this statement includes observations broad range cascades, are sensitive chemical exposures, compound. become useful guidance educational tool toxicological applications, including experimental design, comparative analysis hypotheses, evaluation quality studies, risk assessment.

Язык: Английский

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Design and Development of Topical Hydrogel of <i>Centella Asiatica</i> for the Treatment of Skin Burn

International Journal of Newgen Research in Pharmacy & Healthcare, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 229 - 234

Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2024

This study focuses on the design and development of a topical hydrogel using Centella Asiatica for treatment skin burns. Asiatica, well-known medicinal plant, possesses remarkable woundhealing properties, making it promising candidate applications. The formulation involved careful consideration concentration extract carbopol 940 as gel-forming agents to achieve desired consistency therapeutic efficacy. Characterization studies included evaluation pH, viscosity, spreadability ensure optimal performance application research contributes growing body evidence supporting use in advanced wound care products.

Язык: Английский

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Organoid intelligence for developmental neurotoxicity testing

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18

Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2024

The increasing prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders has highlighted the need for improved testing methods to determine developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) hazard thousands chemicals. This paper proposes integration organoid intelligence (OI); leveraging brain organoids study neuroplasticity in vitro, into DNT paradigm. OI brings a new approach measure impacts xenobiotics on plasticity mechanisms – critical biological process that is not adequately covered current vitro assays. Finally, artificial (AI) techniques will further facilitate analysis complex data these mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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