Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Дек. 11, 2024
Abstract BACKGROUND Novel magnetic bifunctional hydrochar‐based catalysts were produced from activated hydrochar derived palm leaf residue (PLRAH) via a wet impregnation technique and used to perform one‐step waste cooking oil (WCO) transesterification produce biodiesel. The evaluated for their acid–base properties, crystallinity, functional groups, magnetism, textural thermal stability, chemical composition, morphology. RESULTS PLRAH‐Fe 2 O 3 /K catalyst performed well in testing, with large specific surface area of 111.08 m g −1 its high basicity value 7.34 mmol , as an acidity 12.67 significantly contributed the WCO transesterification. An optimum biodiesel yield 98.36% was obtained under following conditions: loading wt%, methanol‐to‐WCO molar ratio 12:1, reaction temperature 75 °C duration 4 h yields maintained at >80% after five cycles. complied physicochemical properties stated ASTM D6751. kinetic study also revealed that using approach had pseudo‐first order activation energy () 24.27 kJ mol . Furthermore, thermodynamic variables, including Gibbs free (∆ G o ), enthalpy H entropy S ) transesterification, found be 7.60 −21.78 J K, respectively. This suggests endothermic non‐spontaneous process. CONCLUSION synthesized demonstrated outstanding performance highlighting potential efficient production. © 2024 Society Chemical Industry (SCI).
Язык: Английский