Climate Change and Edaphic Specialists: Irresistible Force Meets Immovable Object?

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 35(4), С. 367 - 376

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Plant biogeography of rock outcrops in South American tropical lowlands

Frontiers of Biogeography, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18

Опубликована: Март 10, 2025

Studies of rock outcrops in tropical South America have increased recent years, but they often been restricted to individual countries, single biomes or disciplines (e.g. through a floristic, functional genetic lens), limiting their generality. We review the current state knowledge on geological and floristic diversity identify gaps generate testable hypotheses for future research into biogeography evolution plant communities. find that lowland outcrop vegetation is disparately documented we know less about evolutionary biogeographic history these island-like systems. Based edaphic factors, classify American four main groups: granite/gneiss, quartzite/metamorphosed sandstone, limestone ironstone. hypothesise lithologies influence lineage composition floras. However, elevation also plays role creating microclimatic conditions by influencing degree insularity from surrounding vegetation. Our literature suggests support different floras, confirming this requires further surveys across full outcrops. suggest framework to: (i) improve floras how relate biomes; (ii) investigate relative roles niche conservatism using phylogenetic approaches; (iii) assess species cope with living naturally fragmented habitats analysis recruitment gene flow population genetics. Understanding can help provide information conservation planning decisions. Rock are urgent need study because possess distinctive highly specialised flora threatened climate land-use changes. There increase number studies some Latin countries Bolivia, Paraguay, Guyana, French Guiana Suriname) limestone). major determinant lithology outline be tested community-level data. Inferring relationships endemic establishing environments where closest relatives occur will powerful approach address questions historical assembly Population approaches focusing both elucidate connectivity and, therefore, insular vulnerable are.

Язык: Английский

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Beyond forests in the Amazon: biogeography and floristic relationships of the Amazonian savannas

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 193(4), С. 478 - 503

Опубликована: Март 20, 2020

Abstract Open habitats such as grasslands occupy < 5% of the Amazon and are currently grouped under broad term Amazonian savanna, covering an area c. 267 000 km2, mostly in Brazil Bolivia. These found isolated within extensive rainforest matrix, having a distinct flora from latter. The lower River is home to several patches savanna that both south north banks river, Santarém, Alenquer Monte Alegre. Although abundance herbaceous plants, most studies on these open areas focus only tree species, ignoring relevant non-woody component vegetation. Our objectives were provide new surveys seed plants for two sites take opportunity revisit biogeographical links between canga vegetation central Brazilian cerrado (CBC) caatinga, analysing woody plants. We created floristic database includes savannas, including campinarana, coastal scrub (restinga), CBC campos rupestres (on or other substrate). compared those using multivariate analyses find out degree resemblance sites. prepared list 406 species [336 Parque Estadual de Alegre (PEMA) 117 Serra do Itauajuri (SI)], 23 records state Pará some putative science. savannas form three loosely arranged groups, whereas formed cohesive assemblage. Both groups contrasted against caatinga had distinctive both. Sites north-western (Alter Chão, PEMA SI) with their northern counterparts Roraima. An improved representation provided, more insight into relationship types. It worrying recent changes legislation place environments, PEMA, path vulnerability disturbance destruction.

Язык: Английский

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Large-scale forest restoration generates comprehensive biodiversity gains in an Amazonian mining site

Journal of Cleaner Production, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 443, С. 140959 - 140959

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

To reconcile environmental issues with socioeconomic development, the mitigation hierarchy emerges as a pivotal strategy that sequentially addresses impacts through structured approach of avoidance, minimization, remediation, and offsetting. No net loss (NNL) is achieved when biodiversity gains from all four stages are larger than project's impacts. Here, we assessed changes linked to implementation S11D Eliezer Batista iron mining Complex in Carajás National Forest, Pará state, Brazil, expecting losses due activities forest restoration offsets. We evaluated stocks based on biotic value product habitat importance actual conditions. Habitat importance, unique for each class land cover recognized within study site, evaluation naturalness, rarity endangerment, substitutability. Actual conditions computed field-surveyed key ecological attributes vegetation structure, community composition diversity, processes, able restitute, 4–6 years only, approximately 73 % old-growth The ranges 0 mine lands 1 patchy savanna formations stocking above ironstone outcrops (locally known cangas) amounts 0.43 units/ha secondary forests. Between 2008 2021, detected comprehensive land-use area: Cangas, farmlands forests decreased, while minelands increased considerably. Despite degradation, emergence contributed positive balance areas managed by company (+379 units), dominated outside company's boundaries (−171 units). Although like-for-like compensation canga remains challenging, thus conclude efforts initiated effectively reversed trajectory degradation prevailing landscape provided considerable region.

Язык: Английский

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On the rocks: Biogeography and floristic identity of rocky ecosystems in eastern South America

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 62(2), С. 305 - 320

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024

Abstract The geodiversity of rocky ecosystems includes diverse plant communities with specific names, but their continental‐scale floristic identity and the knowledge on role macroclimate remain patchy. Here, we assessed in eastern Brazil across multiple types landscapes evaluated relative importance climatic variables constraining differentiation. We provided lists diagnostic species an assessment conservation status identified groups. compiled a data set 151 sites (4498 species) from ecosystems, including campos rupestres, de altitude , granitic‐gneiss lowland inselbergs, limestone outcrops. used unsupervised clustering analysis followed by ANOSIM to assess groups among sites. performed random forest variable selection test whether occupy distinct spaces. Six (lithobiomes) segregated floristically according lithology climate. Alongside outcrops, inselbergs were divided biome which they occur (Atlantic Forest or Caatinga), rupestres largely lithological matrix (ironstone quartzitic). Plant Caatinga more similar while Atlantic resembled . composition outcrops seems be constrained lithology, factors are also meaningful for lithology. current network protected areas does not cover these unique heterogeneity, being least protected.

Язык: Английский

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Multispecies occupancy models unravel reduced colonization probabilities in plants from the unique Amazonian cangas

Ecological Indicators, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 171, С. 113177 - 113177

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Seed persistence and germination strategies of Carajasia cangae (Rubiaceae): an endemic forb from the Amazon ironstone outcrop

Seed Science Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 8

Опубликована: Фев. 19, 2025

Abstract Seed persistence, desiccation tolerance, and dormancy play a crucial role in plant population community dynamics. However, these life-history traits remain largely understudied perennial herbaceous species, particularly tropical ecosystems. We evaluated the seed storage behaviour, potential longevity, soil bank, alleviation field effects of after-ripening temperature time on Carajasia cangae – an endangered forb endemic to ironstone outcrops Eastern Amazon. performed germination experiments examine effect conditions (−20, 5 28°C, as well storage) viability, mean percentage. Our results suggested that C. seeds form transient bank show orthodox behaviour. The seeds' longevity was favoured all controlled relation soil-stored (field). marked loss viability less than 1 year, regardless condition, indicates low for long-term germplasm conservation through banking. fully alleviated after 3 months during dry season. Moreover, stored 6 at 28°C had their partially alleviated, indicating environmental found throughout season species habitat are required alleviate its dormancy. A type is by predictable seasonal variations climate region, iteroparity season, which delays until onset next rainy

Язык: Английский

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Checklist da flora fanerógama do sudeste do Pará

Biodiversidade Brasileira, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(1), С. 120 - 135

Опубликована: Март 18, 2025

Este trabalho objetivou levantar as espécies de fanerógamas do sudeste Pará para compreender a diversidade regional e distribuição conhecimento sobre flora na região identificar ameaçadas raras. Foram levantadas 4.760 angiospermas 14 gimnospermas com ocorrência nos municípios Pará. Das 172 famílias identificadas, mais relevantes em número foram Fabaceae, Orchidaceae, Poaceae Rubiaceae, semelhante outras regiões da Amazônia. Quanto à origem, 92,8% são nativas Brasil, 85,9% naturais Amazônia, 49,4% Cerrado, 42,7% Mata Atlântica, sugerindo uma vegetação conservada transição entre os biomas. A maior parte das (93%) não possuem dados conservação, enquanto 49 estão ameaçadas, 816 endêmicas Brasil 95 estado Há informações disponíveis unidades conservação (Carajás, Serra Andorinhas Tucuruí) grandes empreendimentos Tucuruí Paragominas). Apenas quatro amostra por km2 29 menos 0,1 coletas km2. Com esses dados, apontadas lacunas no que podem ser superadas criação novas coleções o levantamento sistemático áreas amostradas, atenção grupos taxonômicos diversos pouco coletados, além necessidade estudos plantas avaliadas.

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Distribution patterns, richness, endemism and conservation of Phyllanthaceae in the Atlantic Forest of Northeastern Brazil

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 97(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Abstract Brazil’s Atlantic Forest is one of the most important biodiversity hotspots on planet, home to several rare and endemic species. The Phyllanthaceae family harbors great richness species in this area, including some recently described Northeastern Forest. However, biome faces serious threats due human activity, habitat loss extinction. This study analyzed distribution, endemism Forest, investigated relationship between climatic characteristics, delimited centers main pressures. Data from Reflora, Specieslink, herbaria Brazilian Northeast specialized literature were used. Generalized linear models climate variables. Forty-two identified 13 which are endemic. south Bahia state stood out for its greater richness, with 23 described, 11 ones. Three identified: two southern Pernambuco state. Most face threats, few protected areas. Deforestation, agriculture urban expansion represent pressures these region.

Язык: Английский

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A Palynological Atlas of the Amazon canga Vegetation

Plants, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(9), С. 1319 - 1319

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2025

cangas are iron-rich outcrops where rupestrian fields develop in the Carajás Mountain Range (CMR). canga formations ancient ecosystems characterized by high levels of endemic and threatened plant species that thrive on substrates southeastern Amazon uplands. The recent taxonomic validation these enables more accurate distribution modeling across past, present, future time scales. This work presents a comprehensive palynological database for vegetation, resulting from extensive field herbarium surveys, as well compilation atlas includes 204 species: 10 ferns lycophytes, 62 monocots, 132 eudicots magnoliids (mainly herbs, lianas, trees). Most flowering plants pollinated bees, with secondary pollination other insects wind. taxa co-occur two geoenvironments: (1) forested slopes caves over plinthosols ferralsols (2) vegetation plinthosols. Seventeen potential domesticates used Indigenous peoples. highlights unique diverse ecosystem various survival strategies, emphasizing need precise habitat definitions paleoenvironmental paleoclimate reconstructions. provides valuable reference studies, enhancing reconstruction, climate history analysis, pre-Columbian influences patterns, ecological monitoring.

Язык: Английский

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