Mapping subcortical brain lesions, behavioral and acoustic analysis for early assessment of subacute stroke patients with dysarthria

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder frequently associated with subcortical damage. However, the precise roles of nuclei, particularly basal ganglia and thalamus, in production process remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to better understand their by mapping neuroimaging, behavioral, data obtained from subacute stroke patients lesions. Multivariate lesion-symptom voxel-based morphometry methods were employed correlate lesions thalamus production, emphases on linguistic processing articulation. findings revealed that left putamen are significantly correlated concept preparation (r = 0.64, p < 0.01) word retrieval 0.56, 0.01). As difficulty behavioral tasks increased, influence cognitive factors early gradually intensified. globus pallidus caudate nucleus found impact movements larynx 0.63, tongue 0.59, These insights underscore complex interconnected intricate processes production. lateralization hierarchical organization each crucial contributions these functions. provides nuanced understanding how various stages thereby enhancing our neuromechanisms underlying dysarthria. could also contribute identification multimodal assessment indicators, which aid evaluation personalized treatment impairments.

Язык: Английский

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Revisiting the boundaries of different altered accents profiles

Cortex, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 184, С. 209 - 220

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Cerebellar-cerebral circuits functional connectivity in patients with cognitive impairment after basal ganglia stroke: a pilot study

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025

Introduction This study aims to assess the pattern of functional connectivity (FC) between cerebellar subregions, basal ganglia (BG), and cortex, explore relationship FC patterns cognitive function after stroke with BG infarcts. Methods A total 39 patients 29 healthy controls were recruited. Four seed points selected, each point other voxels in whole brain was calculated. performance compared two groups, their correlations analyzed. Results Stroke exhibited increased bilateral cerebellum IX (particularly head caudate nucleus), which positively correlated episodic memory, visuospatial ability, attention. Increased also observed right Crus I/II BG, as well VI correlating memory. Conversely, decreased identified caudal cuneus, negatively language, attention but executive function. Additionally, inferior parietal lobule associated improvements Decreased left insula, Discussion The enhanced along reorganization new neural circuits involving may contribute recovery following stroke. These changes represent compensatory mechanisms response injury.

Язык: Английский

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Functional location of the language cortical areas in focal refractory epilepsy using the conventional, selective, and supraselective Wada test

Brain Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 149564 - 149564

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

In refractory focal epilepsy, resective surgery offers an alternative for seizure control. However, there is a risk of language deterioration when the epileptogenic zone involves eloquent cortical region. The Wada test insertion catheter through internal carotid artery and injection short-acting anesthetic, resulting in transient loss hemisphere function. While its specificity high, sensitivity reduced, despite limited or absent spatial resolution. Additionally, generalized action anesthetic may lead to misinterpretations due global cognitive arrest, particularly patients with baseline deficits. aim this report was prove refinement selective supraselective protocols, as well their contribution overcoming these disadvantages. procedure began by placing microcatheter progressively more distal irrigation sites, according required technique, gradually performing angiography contrast medium. Tissue perfusion allowed identification cerebral parenchyma where would act. After injection, assessment neurocognitive changes conducted. characterization patterns performed, delineating indispensable zones dispensable zones, irrespective patients' condition. There concordance between findings post-surgical results. surpasses disadvantages conventional method proves decisive surgical planning decision-making.

Язык: Английский

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Dynamics of striatal action selection and reinforcement learning

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2025

Spiny projection neurons (SPNs) in dorsal striatum are often proposed as a locus of reinforcement learning the basal ganglia. Here, we identify and resolve fundamental inconsistency between striatal models known SPN synaptic plasticity rules. Direct-pathway (dSPN) indirect-pathway (iSPN) neurons, which promote suppress actions, respectively, exhibit that reinforces activity associated with elevated or suppressed dopamine release. We show iSPN prevents successful learning, it patterns negative outcomes. However, this pathological behavior is reversed if functionally opponent dSPNs iSPNs, current behavior, simultaneously activated by efferent input following action selection. This prediction supported recordings contrasts prior representations. In our model, selection signals can be multiplexed without interference, enabling algorithms beyond those standard temporal difference models.

Язык: Английский

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Transcranial Pulsed Current Stimulation and Social Functioning in Children With Autism

JAMA Network Open, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 8(4), С. e255776 - e255776

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2025

Importance Transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) may improve social functioning and sleep disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Prior trials have been limited by small sample sizes, single-center designs, often a lack of sham controls. Objective To examine the safety efficacy tPCS improving ASD. Design, Setting, Participants This multicenter, double-blind, 2-armed, sham-controlled randomized clinical trial, conducted from May 1, 2022, through November 30, 2023, assessed aged 3 to 14 years ASD at 8 medical centers China. Interventions underwent daily 20-minute sessions active (0.7 mA) or (brief 0.7 mA ramp-up ramp-down) for 20 over 4 weeks anode right cerebellar hemisphere cathode left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (12.56-cm 2 -circular, 4-cm-diameter circular electrodes). Each day after tPCS, all participants received 1 hour standard therapy. Main Outcomes Measures Social was using Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist as primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included Behavior Childhood Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Results A total 312 (155 group 157 group; 248 [79.5%] boys; mean [SD] age, 5.1 [1.6] years; 276 [88.5%] 3-6 36 [11.5%] 7-14 years) completed trial. After sessions, score improved 4.13 points (5.8%) 7.17 (10.7%) group. Analysis covariance showed significantly greater improvement (difference, −3.50; 95% CI, −5.56 −1.43; P &amp;lt; .001). Both treatments were well tolerated. Conclusions Relevance In this trial prefrontal-cerebellar ASD, sleep. These findings suggest that serve viable nonpharmacologic alternative Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2200059118

Язык: Английский

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Dynamics of striatal action selection and reinforcement learning

eLife, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13

Опубликована: Май 8, 2025

Spiny projection neurons (SPNs) in dorsal striatum are often proposed as a locus of reinforcement learning the basal ganglia. Here, we identify and resolve fundamental inconsistency between striatal models known SPN synaptic plasticity rules. Direct-pathway (dSPN) indirect-pathway (iSPN) neurons, which promote suppress actions, respectively, exhibit that reinforces activity associated with elevated or suppressed dopamine release. We show iSPN prevents successful learning, it patterns negative outcomes. However, this pathological behavior is reversed if functionally opponent dSPNs iSPNs, current behavior, simultaneously activated by efferent input following action selection. This prediction supported recordings contrasts prior representations. In our model, selection signals can be multiplexed without interference, enabling algorithms beyond those standard temporal difference models.

Язык: Английский

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Enhancing Undergraduate Creative Thinking Through a Constructivist Mobile Learning Application: Design, Development, and Evaluation

Thinking Skills and Creativity, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 101866 - 101866

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Category Learning as a Cognitive Foundation of Language Evolution

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16(3)

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Category learning gives rise to category formation, which is a crucial ability in human cognition. also one of the required abilities language development. Understanding evolution thus can shed light on cognition and language. The current paper emphasizes its foundational role by reviewing behavioral neurological studies across species. In doing so, we first review critical sounds, words, grammatical patterns Next, from comparative perspective, conducted different species nonhuman animals, including invertebrates vertebrates, suggesting that displays evolutionary continuity. Then, focus prefrontal cortex basal ganglia. Reviewing involvement these structures vertebrates proposed homologous brain structure ganglia learning, as well processing humans, suggests neural basis likely has an ancient origin dating back invertebrates. With evidence both levels animals conclude lays cognitive foundation for evolution.

Язык: Английский

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Social Cognition in Patients With Cerebellar Neurodegenerative Disorders

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 15

Опубликована: Авг. 23, 2021

Objective Cerebellar neurodegenerative disorders (CDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders. It is known that the cerebellum plays role not only in motor, but also cognitive and social functions. The aim this study was to investigate cognition patients with different CDs. Materials Methods Social examined 34 patients, 12 spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), 6 2 (SCA2), 16 idiopathic late onset cerebellar (ILOCA). All were clinically evaluated using Scale for Rating Assessment Ataxia. In addition, age, sex, education-matched healthy control (HC) subjects similarly analyzed. studied two tests: Faux Pas Recognition Test Reading Mind Eyes (RMET). An appropriate array neuropsychological tests used assess global status as well frontal functions mood. Results CD achieved significantly worse results on both compared HCs. SCA1 + poorest exhibited poor performance all tests, ILOCA Free Cued Selective Reminding (FCSRT) – recognition. groups obtained similar scores RMET. findings correlated clinical parameters disease severity duration executive (EFs), mood group. SCA EFs appeared significant predictor RMET achievement. Boston Naming (BTN) patients’ achievement RMET, while BTN, Trail Making Part A FCSRT Delayed free recall predicted their Test. Conclusion Patients have impairments demonstrated by test results. more pronounced impairment patients. independent predictors language.

Язык: Английский

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