Cellular development and evolution of the mammalian cerebellum

Nature, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 625(7996), С. 788 - 796

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2023

The expansion of the neocortex, a hallmark mammalian evolution

Язык: Английский

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A seat at the (language) table: incorporating the cerebellum into frameworks for language processing

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 53, С. 101310 - 101310

Опубликована: Сен. 15, 2023

Язык: Английский

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From fossils to mind

Communications Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2023

Fossil endocasts record features of brains from the past: size, shape, vasculature, and gyrification. These data, alongside experimental comparative evidence, are needed to resolve questions about brain energetics, cognitive specializations, developmental plasticity. Through application interdisciplinary techniques fossil record, paleoneurology has been leading major innovations. Neuroimaging is shedding light on organization behaviors. Inferences development physiology extinct species can be experimentally investigated through organoids transgenic models based ancient DNA. Phylogenetic methods integrate data across associate genotypes phenotypes, Meanwhile, archeological discoveries continuously contribute new knowledge. cooperation, scientific community accelerate knowledge acquisition. Sharing digitized museum collections improves availability rare fossils artifacts. Comparative neuroanatomical available online databases, along with tools for their measurement analysis. In context these advances, paleoneurological provides ample opportunity future research. Biomedical ecological sciences benefit paleoneurology's approach understanding mind as well its novel research pipelines that establish connections between neuroanatomy, genes behavior.

Язык: Английский

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Doubling down on dual systems: A cerebellum–amygdala route towards action- and outcome-based social and affective behavior

Cortex, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 173, С. 175 - 186

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2024

The amygdala and cerebellum are both evolutionary preserved brain structures containing cortical as well subcortical properties. For decades, the has been considered fear-center of brain, but recent advances have shown that acts a critical hub between systems shapes social affective behaviors beyond fear. Likewise, is dedicated control unit fine-tunes motor behavior to fit contextual requirements. There however increasing evidence strongly influences processes domain. These insights broadened view on cerebellum's functions also include behavior. Here we explore how might interact in shaping based their roles threat reactivity reinforcement learning. A novel mechanistic neural framework cerebellum-amygdala interactions will be presented which provides for testable hypotheses future neuroscientific research humans.

Язык: Английский

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Diversity and evolution of cerebellar folding in mammals

eLife, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12

Опубликована: Сен. 22, 2023

The process of brain folding is thought to play an important role in the development and organisation cerebrum cerebellum. study cerebellar challenging due small size abundance its folia. In consequence, little known about anatomical diversity evolution. We constituted open collection histological data from 56 mammalian species manually segmented developed methods measure geometry folia estimate thickness molecular layer. used phylogenetic comparative evolution relationship with anatomy cerebrum. Our results show that cerebral follows a stabilising selection process. observed two groups phenotypes changing concertedly through evolution: group 'diverse' - varying over several orders magnitude together body size, 'stable' less than 1 order across species. analyses confirmed strong correlation between volumes species, showed addition large cerebella are disproportionately more folded smaller ones. Compared extreme variations surface area, folial layer varied only slightly, showing much increase larger cerebella. discuss how these findings could provide new insights into folding, mechanisms their potential influence on

Язык: Английский

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Non-allometric expansion and enhanced compartmentalization of Purkinje cell dendrites in the human cerebellum

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025

Purkinje cell (PC) dendrites are optimized to integrate the vast cerebellar input array and drive sole cortical output. PCs classically seen as stereotypical computational units, yet mouse morphologically diverse those with multi-branched structure can receive non-canonical climbing fiber (CF) multi-innervation that confers independent compartment-specific signaling. While otherwise uncharacterized, human universally multi-branched. Do they exceed allometry achieve enhanced integrative capacities relative PCs? To answer this, we used several comparative histology techniques in adult analyze cellular morphology, parallel (PF) CF arrangement, regional PC demographics. Human substantially larger than previously described; allometric constraint by thickness largest neuron brain 6-7cm total dendritic length. Unlike mouse, ramify horizontally form a multi-compartment motif show multiple CFs. spines denser (6.9 vs 4.9 spines/μm), (∼0.36 0.29μm), include an unreported ‘spine cluster’ structure—features may be congruent PF association amplification human-specific adaptations. By extrapolation, 500,000 1 million synaptic inputs compared 30-40,000 mouse. Collectively, morphology arrangement is quantitatively qualitatively distinct from rodent. Multi-branched more prevalent posterior lateral cerebellum, co-varying functional boundaries, supporting hypothesis this morphological permits expanded multiplexing subserve task-dependent needs for association.

Язык: Английский

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Non-allometric expansion and enhanced compartmentalization of Purkinje cell dendrites in the human cerebellum

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2025

Purkinje cell (PC) dendrites are optimized to integrate the vast cerebellar input array and drive sole cortical output. PCs classically seen as stereotypical computational units, yet mouse morphologically diverse those with multi-branched structure can receive non-canonical climbing fiber (CF) multi-innervation that confers independent compartment-specific signaling. While otherwise uncharacterized, human universally multi-branched. Do they exceed allometry achieve enhanced integrative capacities relative PCs? To answer this, we used several comparative histology techniques in adult analyze cellular morphology, parallel (PF) CF arrangement, regional PC demographics. Human substantially larger than previously described; allometric constraint by thickness largest neuron brain 6-7cm total dendritic length. Unlike mouse, ramify horizontally form a multi-compartment motif show multiple CFs. spines denser (6.9 vs 4.9 spines/μm), (∼0.36 0.29μm), include an unreported ‘spine cluster’ structure—features may be congruent PF association amplification human-specific adaptations. By extrapolation, 500,000 1 million synaptic inputs compared 30-40,000 mouse. Collectively, morphology arrangement is quantitatively qualitatively distinct from rodent. Multi-branched more prevalent posterior lateral cerebellum, co-varying functional boundaries, supporting hypothesis this morphological permits expanded multiplexing subserve task-dependent needs for association.

Язык: Английский

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Non-allometric expansion and enhanced compartmentalization of Purkinje cell dendrites in the human cerebellum

Опубликована: Март 28, 2025

Purkinje cell (PC) dendrites are optimized to integrate the vast cerebellar input array and drive sole cortical output. PCs classically seen as stereotypical computational units, yet mouse morphologically diverse those with multi-branched structure can receive non-canonical climbing fiber (CF) multi-innervation that confers independent compartment-specific signaling. While otherwise uncharacterized, human universally multi-branched. Do they exceed allometry achieve enhanced integrative capacities relative PCs? To answer this, we used several comparative histology techniques in adult analyze cellular morphology, parallel (PF) CF arrangement, regional PC demographics. Human substantially larger than previously described; allometric constraint by thickness largest neuron brain 6-7cm total dendritic length. Unlike mouse, ramify horizontally form a multi-compartment motif show multiple CFs. spines denser (6.9 vs 4.9 spines/μm), (∼0.36 0.29μm), include an unreported ‘spine cluster’ structure—features may be congruent PF association amplification human-specific adaptations. By extrapolation, 500,000 1 million synaptic inputs compared 30-40,000 mouse. Collectively, morphology arrangement is quantitatively qualitatively distinct from rodent. Multi-branched more prevalent posterior lateral cerebellum, co-varying functional boundaries, supporting hypothesis this morphological permits expanded multiplexing subserve task-dependent needs for association.

Язык: Английский

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Non-allometric expansion and enhanced compartmentalization of Purkinje cell dendrites in the human cerebellum

eLife, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2025

Purkinje cell (PC) dendrites are optimized to integrate the vast cerebellar input array and drive sole cortical output. PCs classically seen as stereotypical computational units, yet mouse morphologically diverse those with multi-branched structure can receive non-canonical climbing fiber (CF) multi-innervation that confers independent compartment-specific signaling. While otherwise uncharacterized, human universally multi-branched. Do they exceed allometry achieve enhanced integrative capacities relative PCs? To answer this, we used several comparative histology techniques in adult analyze cellular morphology, parallel (PF) CF arrangement, regional PC demographics. Human substantially larger than previously described; allometric constraint by thickness largest neuron brain 6–7 cm total dendritic length. Unlike mouse, ramify horizontally form a multi-compartment motif show multiple CFs. spines denser (6.9 vs 4.9 spines/μm), (~0.36 0.29 μm), include an unreported ‘spine cluster’ structure—features may be congruent PF association amplification human-specific adaptations. By extrapolation, 500,000 1 million synaptic inputs compared 30–40,000 mouse. Collectively, morphology arrangement is quantitatively qualitatively distinct from rodent. Multi-branched more prevalent posterior lateral cerebellum, co-varying functional boundaries, supporting hypothesis this morphological permits expanded multiplexing subserve task-dependent needs for association.

Язык: Английский

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Linking cellular-level phenomena to brain architecture: the case of spiking cerebellar controllers

Neural Networks, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 188, С. 107538 - 107538

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2025

Linking cellular-level phenomena to brain architecture and behavior is a holy grail for theoretical computational neuroscience. Advances in neuroinformatics have recently allowed scientists embed spiking neural networks of the cerebellum with realistic neuron models multiple synaptic plasticity rules into sensorimotor controllers. By minimizing distance (error) between desired actual sensory state, exploiting prediction, cerebellar network acquires knowledge about body-environment interaction generates corrective signals. In doing so, implements generalized algorithm, allowing it "to learn predict timing correlated events" rich set behavioral contexts. Plastic changes evolve trial by are distributed over synapses, regulating neuronal discharge fine-tuning high-speed movements on millisecond timescale. Thus, built-in controllers, among various approaches studying function, helping reveal substrates learning signal coding, opening new frontiers predictive computing autonomous robots.

Язык: Английский

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