A Comprehensive Review and Update on the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Journal of Immunology Research, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 2019, С. 1 - 16

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2019

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and life-threating inflammatory of gastroenteric tissue characterized by episodes intestinal inflammation. The pathogenesis IBD complex. Recent studies have greatly improved our knowledge the pathophysiology IBD, leading to great advances in treatment as well diagnosis IBD. In this review, we systemically reviewed highlighted recent host genetic factors, gut microbiota, environmental factors and, especially, abnormal innate adaptive immune responses their interactions, which may hold keys identify novel predictive or prognostic biomarkers develop new therapies.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms of Disease: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 94(1), С. 155 - 165

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2019

Язык: Английский

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The microbiome and inflammatory bowel disease

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 145(1), С. 16 - 27

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and Immune System Interactions

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 8(10), С. 1587 - 1587

Опубликована: Окт. 15, 2020

Dynamic interactions between gut microbiota and a host’s innate adaptive immune systems are essential in maintaining intestinal homeostasis inhibiting inflammation. Gut metabolizes proteins complex carbohydrates, synthesizes vitamins, produces an enormous number of metabolic products that can mediate cross-talk epithelium cells. As defense mechanism, epithelial cells produce mucosal barrier to segregate from host reduce permeability. An impaired interaction bacteria the system lead increased abundance potentially pathogenic gram-negative their associated changes, disrupting increasing susceptibility infections. dysbiosis, or negative alterations microbial composition, also dysregulate responses, causing inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance. Over time, chronic dysbiosis leakage across may increase prevalence type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune inflammatory bowel variety cancers. In this paper, we highlight pivotal role (short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)) which play immunity.

Язык: Английский

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Immunomodulatory potential of gut microbiome-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)

Acta Biochimica Polonica, Год журнала: 2019, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 4, 2019

Intestinal microbiota is an element of the bacterial ecosystem in all mammalian organisms. These microorganisms play a very important part development, functioning, and modulation immune system from moment birth. In recent years, owing to use modern sequencing techniques, microbiome composition healthy people has been identified based on 16S rRNA analysis. Currently, more attention being given influence host’s cellular metabolism. Analysis microbial metabolites, among them short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), disruption intestinal homeostasis terms their effects molecular regulatory mechanisms reactions will surely improve understanding etiology many common diseases. SCFAs, mainly butyrate, propionate, acetate, occur specific amounts, proportions can change, depending diet, age The levels SCFAs are substantially influenced by ratio commensal bacteria, disturbance which (dysbiosis) lead disproportion between produced. regarded as mediators communication system. signal they produce transferred, others, cells via free acid receptors (FFARs), belong family G protein-coupled (GPCRs). It also confirmed that inhibit activity histone deacetylase (HDAC) – enzyme involved post-translational modifications, namely process deacetylation and, what new, crotonylation. properties have effect immunomodulatory potential i.e. maintaining anti/pro-inflammatory balance. act not only locally intestines colonized but cells, modulate response multi-protein inflammasome complexes. contribute maintenance urinary (kidneys), respiratory (lungs), central nervous system, sight organ.

Язык: Английский

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Low diversity gut microbiota dysbiosis: drivers, functional implications and recovery

Current Opinion in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 44, С. 34 - 40

Опубликована: Июль 20, 2018

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and systemic inflammation: a narrative review

Internal and Emergency Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(2), С. 275 - 293

Опубликована: Июль 28, 2023

Abstract The intestine is the largest interface between internal body and external environment. intestinal barrier a dynamic system influenced by composition of microbiome activity intercellular connections, regulated hormones, dietary components, inflammatory mediators, enteric nervous (ENS). Over years, it has become increasingly evident that maintaining stable crucial to prevent various potentially harmful substances pathogens from entering Disruption referred as 'leaky gut' or leaky gut wall syndrome seems be characterized release bacterial metabolites endotoxins, such lipopolysaccharide (LPS), into circulation. This condition, mainly caused infections, oxidative stress, high-fat diet, exposure alcohol chronic allergens, dysbiosis, appear highly connected with development and/or progression several metabolic autoimmune systemic diseases, including obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, bowel type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). In this review, starting description mechanisms enable homeostasis analyzing relationship complex ecosystem pathological conditions, we explore role in driving inflammation, also shedding light on current future therapeutic interventions.

Язык: Английский

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Intestinal Barrier in Human Health and Disease

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 18(23), С. 12836 - 12836

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2021

The intestinal mucosa provides a selective permeable barrier for nutrient absorption and protection from external factors. It consists of epithelial cells, immune cells their secretions. gut microbiota participates in regulating the integrity function homeostatic balance. Pathogens, xenobiotics food can disrupt barrier, promoting systemic inflammation tissue damage. Genetic factors predispose individuals to dysfunction, changes composition are central this process. progressive identification these has led development concept ‘leaky syndrome’ ‘gut dysbiosis’, which underlie relationship between impairment, metabolic diseases autoimmunity. Understanding mechanisms underlying process is an intriguing subject research diagnosis treatment various extraintestinal diseases.

Язык: Английский

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The S100B story: from biomarker to active factor in neural injury

Journal of Neurochemistry, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 148(2), С. 168 - 187

Опубликована: Авг. 24, 2018

Abstract S100B is a Ca 2+ ‐binding protein mainly concentrated in astrocytes. Its levels biological fluids (cerebrospinal fluid, peripheral and cord blood, urine, saliva, amniotic fluid) are recognized as reliable biomarker of active neural distress. Although the wide spectrum diseases which involved (acute brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, congenital/perinatal disorders, psychiatric disorders) reduces its specificity, remain an important aid monitoring trend disorder. Mounting evidence now points to Damage‐Associated Molecular Pattern molecule which, when released at high concentration, through Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts, triggers tissue reaction damage series different disorders. This review addresses this novel scenario, presenting data indicating that and/or distribution nervous patients experimental models used biomarker, directly related progress disease: acute injury (ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic injury), (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis), disorders (Down syndrome, spinocerebellar ataxia‐1), (schizophrenia, mood disorders), inflammatory bowel disease. In many cases, over‐expression/administration induces worsening whereas deletion/inactivation produces amelioration. out pivotal role resulting from these data, opens perspective may be regarded therapeutic target appear share some common features reasonably attributable neuroinflammation, regardless their origin. image

Язык: Английский

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Microbial imbalance in inflammatory bowel disease patients at different taxonomic levels

Gut Pathogens, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 12(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2020

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is a debilitating group of chronic diseases including Crohn's Disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), which causes inflammation the gut affects millions people worldwide. At different taxonomic levels, structure microbiota significantly altered in IBD patients compared to that healthy individuals. However, it unclear how these IBD-affected bacterial groups are related other common bacteria gut, they connected across conditions at global scale.In this study, using faecal samples from with IBD, we show through diversity analysis microbial community based on 16S rRNA gene microbiome less diverse Furthermore, have identified change abundance both CD UC controls. A substantial imbalance was observed four major phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria Actinobacteria, together constitute > 98% microbiota. Next, reconstructed family co-abundance network correlation profiles obtained public data 22,000 biopsies taken diseased The compiled EBI metagenomics database (Mitchell et al. Nucleic Acids Res 46:D726-D735, 2018). By mapping IBD-altered families network, exhibit an increased not well groups, implying generally do coexist organisms. Whereas, whose reduced or did very suggesting highly important can range conditions.IBD exhibited Bacterial changed were found be co-exist commensal bacteria, whereas commonly This gives potential insight into dynamics IBD.

Язык: Английский

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