Plant Secondary Metabolites as Defense Tools against Herbivores for Sustainable Crop Protection

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(5), С. 2690 - 2690

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2022

Plants have evolved several adaptive strategies through physiological changes in response to herbivore attacks. Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are synthesized provide defensive functions and regulate defense signaling pathways safeguard plants against herbivores. Herbivore injury initiates complex reactions which ultimately lead synthesis accumulation of PSMs. The biosynthesis these is regulated by the interplay molecules comprising phytohormones. volatile released upon attack capable directly inducing or priming hormonal pathways. Secondary enable quickly detect attacks respond a timely way rapidly changing scenario pest environment. Several studies suggested that potential for adaptation and/or resistance insect herbivores limited. These cause direct toxicity pests, stimulate antixenosis mechanisms herbivores, and, recruiting natural enemies, indirectly protect plants. Herbivores adapt up/down regulation sensory genes, sequestration detoxification toxic metabolites. PSMs modulate multi-trophic interactions involving host plants, enemies pollinators. Although role plant-pollinator has been little explored, reports suggest both pollinators mutually benefited. Molecular insights into regulatory proteins genes involved will pave metabolic engineering biosynthetic pathway intermediates improving plant tolerance This review throws light on modulating interactions, contributing knowledge plant-herbivore their management an eco-friendly sustainable manner.

Язык: Английский

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Abscisic Acid-Induced Stomatal Closure: An Important Component of Plant Defense Against Abiotic and Biotic Stress

Frontiers in Plant Science, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12

Опубликована: Март 4, 2021

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress hormone that accumulates under different abiotic and biotic stresses. A typical effect of ABA on leaves to reduce transpirational water loss by closing stomata parallelly defend against microbes restricting their entry through stomatal pores. can also promote the accumulation polyamines, sphingolipids, even proline. Stomatal closure compounds other than helps plant defense both factors. Further, interact with hormones, such as methyl jasmonate (MJ) salicylic (SA). Such cross-talk be an additional factor in adaptations environmental stresses microbial pathogens. The present review highlights recent progress understanding ABA's multifaceted role conditions, particularly closure. We point out importance reactive oxygen species (ROS), carbonyl (RCS), nitric oxide (NO), Ca2+ guard cells key signaling components during ABA-mediated short-term reactions. rise ROS, RCS, NO, intracellular triggered events involved long-term adaptive measures, including gene expression, compatible solutes protect cell, hypersensitive response (HR), programmed cell death (PCD). Several pathogens counteract try reopen stomata. Similarly, attempt trigger PCD host tissue benefit. Yet, ABA-induced effects independent delay pathogen spread infection within leaves. influences among early steps crucial component plants' innate immunity response. are quite sensitive considered good model systems for signal transduction studies. Further research mechanism help us design strategies plant/crop stress.

Язык: Английский

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Crosstalk between phytohormones and secondary metabolites in the drought stress tolerance of crop plants: A review

Physiologia Plantarum, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 172(2), С. 1106 - 1132

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2021

Drought stress negatively affects crop performance and weakens global food security. It triggers the activation of downstream pathways, mainly through phytohormones homeostasis their signaling networks, which further initiate biosynthesis secondary metabolites (SMs). Roots sense drought stress, signal travels to above-ground tissues induce systemic signaling. The signals trigger SMs stomatal closure prevent water loss. primarily scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) protect plants from lipid peroxidation also perform additional defense-related functions. Moreover, drought-induced volatile can alert plant mitigating functions in plants. Other phytohormone-induced responses include cell wall cuticle thickening, root leaf morphology alteration, anatomical changes roots, stems, leaves, turn minimize oxidative loss, other adverse effects drought. Exogenous applications genetic engineering pathways mitigate effects. Direct modulation biosynthetic pathway genes or indirect via phytohormones' regulation provides tolerance. Thus, play key roles development under environment

Язык: Английский

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Plant Secondary Metabolites: The Weapons for Biotic Stress Management

Metabolites, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(6), С. 716 - 716

Опубликована: Май 31, 2023

The rise in global temperature also favors the multiplication of pests and pathogens, which calls into question food security. Plants have developed special coping mechanisms since they are sessile lack an immune system. These use a variety secondary metabolites as weapons to avoid obstacles, adapt their changing environment, survive less-than-ideal circumstances. Plant include phenolic compounds, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, stored specialized structures such latex, trichomes, resin ducts, etc. Secondary help plants be safe from biotic stressors, either by repelling them or attracting enemies, exerting toxic effects on them. Modern omics technologies enable elucidation structural functional properties these along with biosynthesis. A better understanding enzymatic regulations molecular aids exploitation modern pest management approaches biopesticides integrated management. current review provides overview major plant that play significant roles enhancing stress tolerance. It examines involvement both indirect direct defense mechanisms, well storage within tissues. Additionally, this explores importance metabolomics elucidating significance application metabolic engineering breeding for resistance is discussed, sustainable

Язык: Английский

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Functional aspects of plant secondary metabolites in metal stress tolerance and their importance in pharmacology

Plant Stress, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 2, С. 100038 - 100038

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2021

Toxic trace metals are ecotoxic due to their high bioaccumulation and toxicity, acting as abiotic stress agents, causing oxidative damage the plant cells. Plants can recognize these threat signals activate various defense responses. Enhanced production of secondary metabolites is a vital detoxification mechanism evolved in plants alleviate detrimental effects caused by toxic metals. Metal tolerance be increased manipulating biosynthesis accumulation metabolites. The application elicitors cell cultures an efficient method for triggering large-scale has significant importance pharmaceutical therapeutic industries. This review analyses role metal precipitators, antioxidants, chelators growing under metal-contaminated environments. Also, this focuses on contemporary progression understanding machinery metabolite biosynthetic pathways discusses progress prospects improving through elicitation.

Язык: Английский

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Methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid as powerful elicitors for enhancing the production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants: an updated review

Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), Год журнала: 2023, Номер 153(3), С. 447 - 458

Опубликована: Март 20, 2023

Язык: Английский

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How to Cope with the Challenges of Environmental Stresses in the Era of Global Climate Change: An Update on ROS Stave off in Plants

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(4), С. 1995 - 1995

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2022

With the advent of human civilization and anthropogenic activities in shade urbanization global climate change, plants are exposed to a complex set abiotic stresses. These stresses affect plants’ growth, development, yield cause enormous crop losses worldwide. In this alarming scenario conditions, respond such through highly balanced finely tuned interaction between signaling molecules. The initiate quick release reactive oxygen species (ROS) as toxic by-products altered aerobic metabolism during different stress conditions at cellular level. ROS includes both free radicals {superoxide (O2•−) hydroxyl (OH−)} well non-radicals [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) singlet (1O2)]. can be generated scavenged cell organelles cytoplasm depending on type stimulus. At high concentrations, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, protein oxidation, necrosis, but low moderate they play crucial role secondary messengers intracellular cascades. Because their concentration-dependent dual role, huge number molecules tightly control level cells. have evolved antioxidants scavenging machinery equipped with enzymes maintain equilibrium production detoxification stress. present article, we focused current insights generation Moreover, article will act knowledge base for new pivotal studies scavenging.

Язык: Английский

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Plant Responses to Herbivory, Wounding, and Infection

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(13), С. 7031 - 7031

Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2022

Plants have various self-defense mechanisms against biotic attacks, involving both physical and chemical barriers. Physical barriers include spines, trichomes, cuticle layers, whereas secondary metabolites (SMs) volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Complex interactions between plants herbivores occur. Plant responses to insect herbivory begin with the perception of stimuli, (orally secreted by insects herbivore-induced VOCs) during feeding. cell membranes then generate ion fluxes that create differences in plasma membrane potential (Vm), which provokes initiation signal transduction, activation hormones (e.g., jasmonic acid, salicylic ethylene), release VOCs SMs. This review recent studies plant-herbivore-infection focuses on early late plant responses, including barriers, SM production as well epigenetic regulation, phytohormone responses.

Язык: Английский

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A critical review on the bio-mediated green synthesis and multiple applications of magnesium oxide nanoparticles

Chemosphere, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 312, С. 137301 - 137301

Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Plant Secondary Metabolites as a Tool to Investigate Biotic Stress Tolerance in Plants: A Review

Gesunde Pflanzen, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 74(4), С. 771 - 790

Опубликована: Май 30, 2022

Язык: Английский

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