IntechOpen eBooks,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2022
Wheat
is
considered
the
first
crop
that
grown
on
earth.
It
a
staple
food
in
many
regions
of
world.
Due
to
increase
world’s
population,
it
very
important
wheat
production.
With
an
estimate
2050,
almost
50%
more
production
will
be
required
due
population.
Increased
productivity
biggest
challenge
for
researchers.
faces
several
biotic
(microbial
diseases)
and
abiotic
(water,
temperature,
climatic
change)
limiting
factors.
But
major
threat
large
number
fungal
diseased
pathogens,
which
causes
massive
destructive
loss
crop.
includes
rusts,
smuts,
Fusarium
head
blight,
Septoria
leaf
blotch,
tan
spot,
powdery
mildew
cause
most
serious
losses.
was
estimated
2019
22%
yield
diseases.
These
percentages
with
time
mutation
diversity
virulent
strains.
This
chapter
all
minor
diseases
wheat,
symptom,
disease
cycle,
spore
identification,
losses,
etiology,
integrated
management.
Frontiers in Plant Science,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
13
Опубликована: Март 23, 2022
Sustainable
agricultural
production
is
critically
antagonistic
by
fluctuating
unfavorable
environmental
conditions.
The
introduction
of
mineral
elements
emerged
as
the
most
exciting
and
magical
aspect,
apart
from
novel
intervention
traditional
applied
strategies
to
defend
abiotic
stress
silicon
(Si)
has
ameliorating
impacts
regulating
diverse
functionalities
on
enhancing
growth
development
crop
plants.
Si
categorized
a
non-essential
element
since
plants
accumulate
less
during
normal
Studies
application
in
highlight
beneficial
role
extreme
stressful
conditions
through
modulation
several
metabolites
Phytohormones
are
primary
plant
positively
regulated
play
pivotal
plants'
broad-spectrum
biochemical
physiological
aspects
Frontline
phytohormones
include
auxin,
cytokinin,
ethylene,
gibberellin,
salicylic
acid,
abscisic
brassinosteroids,
jasmonic
acid.
These
internally
correlated
with
tolerance
mechanisms.
This
review
explores
insights
into
phytohormone
metabolism
its
maintaining
well-being
stresses.
Moreover,
in-depth
information
about
Si's
inducing
metabolic
molecular
modulations
elaborated.
Furthermore,
potential
various
high
throughput
technologies
also
been
discussed
improving
Si-induced
multiple
tolerance.
In
addition,
special
emphasis
engrossed
achieving
sustainable
global
food
security.
Biomolecules,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
12(8), С. 1027 - 1027
Опубликована: Июль 25, 2022
Silicon
(Si),
despite
being
abundant
in
nature,
is
still
not
considered
a
necessary
element
for
plants.
Si
supplementation
plants
has
been
extensively
studied
over
the
last
two
decades,
and
role
of
alleviating
biotic
abiotic
stress
well
documented.
Owing
to
noncorrosive
nature
sustainability
elemental
Si,
fertilization
agricultural
practices
gained
more
attention.
In
this
review,
we
provide
an
overview
different
smart
fertilizer
types,
application
fertilizers
agriculture,
availability
fertilizers,
experiments
conducted
greenhouses,
growth
chambers,
open
fields.
We
also
discuss
prospects
promoting
as
among
farmers
research
community
sustainable
agriculture
yield
improvement.
Literature
review
empirical
studies
have
suggested
that
Si-based
expected
increase
future.
With
potential
nanotechnology,
new
nanoSi
(NSi)
applications
may
further
use
efficiency
fertilizers.
However,
general
awareness
scientific
investigation
NSi
need
be
thoughtfully
considered.
Thus,
believe
can
insight
into
promote
crop
Water,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
15(4), С. 739 - 739
Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2023
Drought
is
one
of
the
major
constraints
for
sustainable
crop
production
worldwide,
especially
in
arid
and
semiarid
regions.
The
global
warming
climate
change
scenario
has
worsened
dilemma
water
scarcity,
creating
an
immediate
threat
to
food
security.
Conserving
resources
exploiting
various
strategies
that
enable
plants
withstand
deficits
need
be
urgently
addressed.
adversely
affects
plant
growth
by
modulating
a
range
physio-chemical,
metabolic,
molecular
processes
inside
body,
which
ultimately
reduces
productivity.
Besides
developing
drought-tolerant
cultivars,
better
nutrient
management
could
promising
strategy
enhance
drought
tolerance
plants.
Silicon,
quasi-essential
element,
known
play
vital
role
improving
performance
under
biotic
abiotic
stresses.
This
review
discusses
potential
Si
application
attenuating
adverse
effects
water-deficit
stress.
Silicon
enhances
seed
germination,
cell
membrane
stability,
carbon
assimilation,
plant–water
relations
osmotic
adjustment
(by
accumulating
soluble
sugars,
proline
glycine
betaine).
It
triggers
activity
antioxidants,
promotes
biosynthesis
phytohormones,
acquisition
regulates
enzymes
also
induces
anatomical
changes
wall
through
deposition
polymerized
amorphous
silica
(SiO2-nH2O),
thereby
stem
leaf
erectness
reducing
lodging.
Further,
Si-mediated
physiological,
biochemical
mechanisms
associated
with
future
research
prospects
have
been
elucidated.
Scientific Reports,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
13(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2023
Abstract
In
this
study,
aqueous
spinach
extract
was
used
for
the
green
synthesis
of
iron
nanoparticles.
The
surface
oxide
nanoparticles
coated
with
spermine.
physicochemical
properties
were
investigated
using
UV-Vis,
TGA,
FTIR,
VSM,
TEM,
and
DLS.
results
showed
that
had
a
spherical
structure.
charge
Fe
3
O
4
-NPs
increased
from
−3.2
to
18.42
(mV)
after
coating
by
order
investigate
effect
on
rosemary
under
drought
stress
conditions,
an
experiment
carried
out
in
completely
randomized
design.
amount
antioxidant
enzymes
secondary
metabolites
significantly
stress.
Moreover,
use
spermine-coated
can
be
useful
increasing
resistance
plants
activity
some
metabolites.
biocompatibility
Nanoparticles
cell
suspension
investigated.
ability
-SM
NPs
interact
DNA
protect
it
against
DNaseI
ultrasonic
waves
agarose
gel
electrophoresis
studied.
neutralize
negative
DNaseΙ
confirmed
assay.
Plants,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
11(1), С. 91 - 91
Опубликована: Дек. 28, 2021
Due
to
climate
change,
plants
are
being
more
adversely
affected
by
heatwaves,
floods,
droughts,
and
increased
temperatures
UV
radiation.
This
review
focuses
on
enhanced
UV-B
radiation
drought,
mitigation
of
their
adverse
effects
through
silicon
addition.
Studies
stress
addition
or
nanoparticles
have
been
reported
for
crop
including
rice,
wheat,
soybean.
These
shown
that
under
increases
the
contents
chlorophyll,
soluble
sugars,
anthocyanins,
flavonoids,
UV-absorbing
antioxidant
compounds.
Silicon
also
affects
photosynthesis
rate,
proline
content,
metal
toxicity,
lipid
peroxidation.
Drought
is
a
factor
normal
plant
growth
development.
It
has
frequently
can
reduce
caused
different
abiotic
factors,
drought.
For
example,
drought
stress,
ascorbate
peroxidase
activity,
total
sugars
relative
water
photosynthetic
rate.
decreases
peroxidase,
catalase,
superoxide
dismutase
activities,
malondialdehyde
content.
The
concurrently
stressed
not
yet
studied
in
detail,
but
initial
studies
show
some
silicon.
