An Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Etiopathogenesis and Recent Developments in COVID-19 Vaccines

Biomolecules, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(11), С. 1565 - 1565

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2023

The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has significantly impacted health and socioeconomic status of humans worldwide. Pulmonary infection SARS-CoV-2 results in exorbitant viral replication associated onset inflammatory cytokine storm disease pathology various internal organs. However, etiopathogenesis is not fully understood. Currently, there are no targeted therapies available to cure COVID-19, most patients treated empirically with anti-inflammatory and/or anti-viral drugs, based on symptoms. Although several types vaccines currently implemented control COVID-19 prevent dissemination, emergence new variants that can evade vaccine-induced protective immunity poses challenges current vaccination strategies highlights necessity develop better improved vaccines. In this review, we summarize elaborately discuss strategies, focusing those use worldwide combat or stages clinical development humans.

Язык: Английский

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Exacerbation of oral pemphigus vulgaris after COVID‐19 vaccine: Coincidence or potential adverse effect?

Oral Surgery, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(3), С. 299 - 301

Опубликована: Фев. 5, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Safety and Efficacy of Pemivibart, a Long-Acting Monoclonal Antibody, for Prevention of Symptomatic COVID-19: Interim Results From the CANOPY Clinical Trial

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Ноя. 13, 2024

ABSTRACT Background Pemivibart received emergency-use authorization for prevention of symptomatic COVID-19 in moderate-to-severe immunocompromised individuals based on immunobridging analysis the phase 3 CANOPY trial. We report an interim safety and efficacy pemivibart with (cohort A) or without B) significant immunocompromise over a contemporary variant landscape. Methods Eligible participants (aged ≥18 years; SARS-CoV-2-negative) 2 intravenous 4500-mg infusions blinded placebo (2:1, cohort 90 days apart. Safety was primary endpoint. Composite incidence reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19, hospitalization, all-cause mortality evaluated through month 6 12 B). Results In September-November 2023, 306 A; 317 162 B. The most common study drug-related adverse event infusion-related reactions A: 11/306 [3.6%]; B: 7/317 [2.2%, pemivibart] 0/162 [placebo]). Four 623 (0.6%) who experienced anaphylactic (2 non-serious; serious) within 24 hours dosing. A, composite endpoint (day 180) 11/298 (3.7%; deaths [suicide unknown cause]) first full dose pemivibart. B, 6/317 (1.9%) group 19/160 (11.9%) group, representing 84.1% standardized relative risk reduction (RRR) (95% CI, 60.9-93.5; nominal P <.0001) Through 12, 15/317 (4.7%; 1 death [cardiac failure]) 29/160 (18.1%) met clinical endpoint, respectively demonstrating 73.9% RRR 52.8-85.6; <.0001). Conclusions provided pre-exposure prophylactic against well-tolerated by immunocompromise. Anaphylaxis important risk. Clinical Trials Registration NCT06039449 Key points Pre-exposure administration doses approximately apart generally protection months

Язык: Английский

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In vitro generated antibodies guide thermostable ADDomer nanoparticle design for nasal vaccination and passive immunization against SARS-CoV-2

Antibody Therapeutics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(4), С. 277 - 297

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2023

Abstract Background Due to COVID-19, pandemic preparedness emerges as a key imperative, necessitating new approaches accelerate development of reagents against infectious pathogens. Methods Here, we developed an integrated approach combining synthetic, computational and structural methods with in vitro antibody selection vivo immunization design, produce validate nature-inspired nanoparticle-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Results Our resulted two innovations: (i) thermostable nasal vaccine called ADDoCoV, displaying multiple copies SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding motif derived epitope (ii) multivalent nanoparticle superbinder, Gigabody, including immune-evasive variants concern (VOCs). In generated neutralizing nanobodies electron cryo-microscopy established authenticity accessibility epitopes displayed by ADDoCoV. Gigabody comprising multimerized prevented virion attachment picomolar EC50. Vaccinating mice antibodies cross-reacting VOCs Delta Omicron. Conclusion study elucidates Adenovirus-derived dodecamer (ADDomer)-based nanoparticles for use active passive provides blueprint crafting combat viral infections.

Язык: Английский

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Medical Examiner Surveillance of the COVID-19 Pandemic in King County, Washington, USA

American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 44(3), С. 157 - 165

Опубликована: Май 26, 2023

Abstract The King County Medical Examiner's Office in Seattle, Wash, initiated a surveillance project with dedicated team and database tracking the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, deaths due to disease 2019 (COVID-19), occurring within 28 days COVID-19 vaccination. From January 2020 through July 2022, results 13,801 nasal/nasopharyngeal swabs from 7606 decedents tested for virus were assembled database. Generally, 2 samples collected separately by different laboratories. Positive rates increased 5.7% 14.3% 2022. Of 744 positive virus, autopsies performed on 418 (56%); these, 106 (25%) died as either primary or contributing cause. Comparison autopsy findings those dying but other causes demonstrated risk preexisting conditions. 1035 reported vaccination, thrombotic complications myocarditis no higher than decedents. This study provides evidence value public health an adequately resourced medical examiner office viral community, understanding mortality, assessing vaccine safety.

Язык: Английский

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Natural Products: A Potential New Hope to Defeat Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(26), С. 2436 - 2451

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic was the most significant public healthcare crisis worldwide. It estimated that 80% of infected patients with have not fully recovered and developed one or more long-term symptoms, referred to as post-acute sequelae (PASC). Seeking a treatment strategy for PASC has become concerning topic since can cause irreversible multiple organ damage severely compromise quality life. is indicated may be closely related lung injury-induced hypoxia, excessive immune response, cytokine storm, gut bacteria imbalance, endothelial dysfunction. Also, research angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 vanillin (TRPA1/V1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related (Nrf2) considered targets treat PASC. There currently still no proven medication due its complexity. Many clinical practices studies shown natural products great in preventing treating Therefore, we intended provide comprehensive review current literature on role ingredients management. Meanwhile, this provided meaningful insight further study improve application.

Язык: Английский

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Differentiating Cell Entry Potentials of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants on Human Lung Epithelium Cells

Viruses, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(3), С. 391 - 391

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

The surface spike (S) glycoprotein mediates cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host through fusion at plasma membrane or endocytosis. Omicron lineages/sublineages have acquired extensive mutations in S to gain transmissibility advantages and altered antigenicity. fusogenicity, antigenicity, evasion subvariants been extensively investigated unprecedented speed align with mutation rate S. Cells that overexpress receptors/cofactors are mostly used as hosts amplify infection sensitivity tested variants. However, systematic comparisons most prior dominant using human lung epithelium cells yet be well-studied. Here, bronchial BEAS-2B host, we compared single-round virus-to-cell cell-to-cell BA.1, BA.5, BQ.1.1, CH.1.1, XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16 based upon split NanoLuc readout assays S-pseudotyped lentivirus system. Virus-to-cell variants exhibited cell-type dependence. parental BA.1 required more time develop full HEK293T-ACE2-TMPRSS2 than cells. Compared unchanged P681, S-cleavage constructs P681H/R did not any noticeable entry. its descendants entered efficiently D614G, it was slightly less comparable Delta. Serine protease-pretreated enhanced a dose-dependent manner, suggesting persists productive route. Spike-mediated total S1/S2 processing were similar. Our results indicate no obvious recent over preceding since Delta, thus supporting immune conferred by antigenicity shifts due sequences probably primary viral fitness driver.

Язык: Английский

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A Review of the Scientific Literature on Experimental Toxicity Studies of COVID-19 Vaccines, with Special Attention to Publications in Specific Toxicology Journals

Опубликована: Июнь 25, 2024

Since the reports of first cases COVID-19, in less than 5 years a huge number documents regarding that disease and coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for infection, have been published. The tremendous scientific covers many topics on different issues directly related to COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2. It includes studies about efficacy vaccines prevent disease. However, only comparatively low nonclinical -conducted experimental animals- focused potential adverse/toxic effects COVID-19 vaccines. present review was aimed at revising literature laboratory animals toxic/adverse In addition, investigations reported those specific toxicology journals with highest impact factors examined one by one. results indicate most nonclinical/experimental and/or candidates showed -in general terms- good safety profile. Only some animal were certain adverse found. rather surprising result has limited available (in databases PubMed Scopus) performed companies largest manufacturers mRNA world [https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=ba085665fbb45bd4&sca_upv=1&q=Who+is+the+largest+manufacturer+of+vaccines+in+the+world%3F&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=2ahUKEwj6nMbAi-qGAxVLaqQEHTPwDcIQzmd6BAgZEAY]. Why these -assuming, course, they conducted- not published journals, allowing judgment international community, including toxicologists?

Язык: Английский

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Predictors of 2-year mortality in geriatric patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Türkiye: a retrospective cohort study

Biomarkers in Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(10-12), С. 555 - 565

Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2024

Methods: Demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory data, thorax computed tomography (CT) images, second-year survival status, causes of death were analyzed.

Язык: Английский

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