Water Science & Technology Water Supply,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
24(5), С. 1425 - 1446
Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2024
ABSTRACT
The
study
for
the
design
of
tunnels
in
similar
geological
settings,
providing
insights
into
potential
challenges
that
may
arise
during
excavation
and
offering
strategies
mitigating
risks
District
Kalam
on
Ushu
River,
Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa,
Pakistan.
methodology
involved
mapping,
rock
sampling,
discontinuity
surveys,
laboratory
testing
empirical
analysis
tunnel
parameters
at
Weir
House,
Powerhouse,
alignment
locations.
Empirical
using
three
classification
systems,
mass
rating
(RMR),
quality
tunneling
index,
index
(RMi).
Based
classification,
was
found
to
be
fair,
indicating
favorable
properties.
Q-system
rated
as
poor
suggesting
low
intensity,
medium
strength,
or
deformation
modulus.
According
RMi,
strong,
high
deformability.
support
is
based
analysis,
it
recommends
reinforcement
elements
such
bolts,
wire
mesh,
shotcrete
lining.
Overall,
stable
does
not
have
complex
structure
weak
zones.
Heliyon,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
11(2), С. e42063 - e42063
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
The
research
focuses
on
modelling
the
surface
water
potential
using
Arc
SWAT
and
Multi-criteria
decision-making
(MCDM)
for
selecting
hydropower
sites
in
Megecha
watershed.
tenure
stream
flow
meteorological
data
used
model
simulation
is
from
1990
to
2019
1988-2019
respectively.
Geospatial
method
generate
gross
head
respective
hydropower.
Multi
criteria
decision
adopted
select
best
site
generation.
Curve
number
(CN2),
saturated
hydraulic
conductivity
(SOL_K),
moist
bulk
density
(SOL_BD),
available
moisture
soil
layer
(SOL_AWC)
were
among
most
sensitive
parameters
assessed
during
research.
performance
of
obtained
R2,
NSE
PBIAS
0.84,
0.78
-4.6
0.81,
0.72
-4.8
percentages
calibration
validation
periods,
Based
duration
curve,
minimum
river
percent
exceedance
90
%
(Q90)
1,
2,
3
are
0.37
m3/s,
0.45
0.48
heads
corresponding
identified
15,
25,
20
m
54.45
KW,
110.36
94.18
KW
at
site1,
3,
From
GIS
based
MCDM
analysis,
alternative
generation
comparison
sites.
total
watershed
area
was
1176
km2
which,
308.65
million
m3
runoff
generated
by
annually.
has
high
potential,
rivers
have
enough
that
may
be
development.
Marine and Freshwater Research,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
76(5)
Опубликована: Март 19, 2025
Context
The
global
water
crisis
is
driven
by
human
overconsumption,
depleting
resources
faster
than
they
can
regenerate.
This
threatens
ecosystems
and
exacerbates
drought-related
shortages,
which
may
escalate
into
international
conflicts
if
not
properly
managed.
Aims
study
assesses
the
effectiveness
of
drought
indices
in
evaluating
managing
droughts
to
determine
their
role
developing
mitigation
plans
against
scarcity.
It
also
highlights
strategies
reduce
risks
prevent
future
through
proactive
approaches.
Methods
Drought
measure
severity
frequency
various
regions
identify
patterns
availability
most
drought-prone
areas.
In
addition
discussed
indices,
traditional
innovative
risk
management
for
will
be
analysed,
particularly
focusing
on
vulnerable
Key
results
Communities
mankind
are
becoming
more
exposed
meteorological
disasters
ranging
from
flooding
attributed
minimal
or
excess
rain.
Analysis
multi-dimensional
aspects
lead
better
understanding
how
activities,
such
as
mining
deforestation,
increase
this
natural
occurrence.
By
applying
knowledge,
we
avoid
practices
that
overheighten
effects
dry
weather
conditions.
growing
population
means
new
approaches
necessary
food
sustainability
security
balance
with
environmental
protection
resource
conservation.
Conclusion
concludes
large-scale
engineering
projects
relief
harm
agricultural
land,
advocating
sustainable,
eco-friendly
solutions.
emphasises
need
improved
conservation
efforts,
prioritising
replenishment
over
artificial
interventions.
Implications
findings
advocate
nature-based
ecological
damage,
enhance
long-term
resilience,
emphasise
cooperation
conflicts,
linking
ecosystem
sustainability.
Ecological Informatics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
83, С. 102792 - 102792
Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2024
Soil
heavy
metal
contamination
has
emerged
as
a
global
environmental
concern,
posing
significant
risks
to
human
health
and
ecosystem
integrity.
Hyperspectral
technology,
with
its
non-invasive,
non-destructive,
large-scale,
high
spectral
resolution
capabilities,
shows
promising
applications
in
monitoring
soil
pollution.
Traditional
methods
are
often
time-consuming,
labor-intensive,
expensive,
limiting
their
effectiveness
for
rapid,
large-scale
assessments.
This
study
introduces
novel
deep
learning
method,
SpecMet,
estimating
concentrations
naturally
contaminated
agricultural
soils
using
hyperspectral
data.
The
SpecMet
model
extracts
features
from
data
convolutional
neural
networks
(CNNs)
achieves
end-to-end
prediction
of
by
integrating
attention
mechanisms
graph
networks.
Results
demonstrate
that
the
OR-SpecMet
model,
which
utilizes
raw
data,
optimal
performance,
significantly
surpassing
traditional
machine
such
multiple
linear
regression,
partial
least
squares
support
vector
regression
lead
(Pb),
copper
(Cu),
cadmium
(Cd),
mercury
(Hg).
Moreover,
training
specialized
models
individual
metals
better
accommodates
unique
spectral-concentration
relationships,
enhancing
overall
estimation
accuracy
while
achieving
20.3
%
improvement
predicting
low-concentration
mercury.
method
showcases
superior
performance
extensive
application
potential
techniques
precise
pollution
monitoring,
offering
new
insights
reliable
technical
prevention
protection.
code
datasets
used
this
publicly
available
at:
https://github.com/zhang2lei/metal.git.
