Recent Research Trends in Neuroinflammatory and Neurodegenerative Disorders

Cells, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(6), С. 511 - 511

Опубликована: Март 14, 2024

Neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), traumatic brain injury (TBI) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are chronic major health disorders. The exact mechanism of the neuroimmune dysfunctions these pathogeneses is currently not clearly understood. These show dysregulated inflammatory responses, activation neurons, glial cells, neurovascular unit damage associated with excessive release proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, neurotoxic mediators, infiltration peripheral immune cells into brain, as well entry mediators through damaged endothelial blood–brain barrier tight junction proteins. Activation leads to many molecules that cause neuroinflammation neurodegeneration. Gulf War Illness (GWI) myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) also dysfunctions. Currently, there no effective disease-modifying therapeutic options available for diseases. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes, microglia, pericytes used models drug discovery. This review highlights certain recent trends in neuroinflammatory responses iPSC-derived applications

Язык: Английский

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Targeting Cytokine-Mediated Inflammation in Brain Disorders: Developing New Treatment Strategies

Pharmaceuticals, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 18(1), С. 104 - 104

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2025

Cytokine-mediated inflammation is increasingly recognized for playing a vital role in the pathophysiology of wide range brain disorders, including neurodegenerative, psychiatric, and neurodevelopmental problems. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) cause neuroinflammation, alter function, accelerate disease development. Despite progress understanding these pathways, effective medicines targeting are still limited. Traditional anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory drugs peripheral inflammatory illnesses. Still, they face substantial hurdles when applied to central nervous system (CNS), blood-brain barrier (BBB) unwanted systemic effects. This review highlights developing treatment techniques modifying cytokine-driven focusing on advances that selectively target critical involved pathology. Novel approaches, cytokine-specific inhibitors, antibody-based therapeutics, gene- RNA-based interventions, sophisticated drug delivery systems like nanoparticles, show promise with respect lowering neuroinflammation greater specificity safety. Furthermore, developments biomarker discoveries neuroimaging improving our ability monitor responses, allowing more accurate personalized regimens. Preclinical clinical trial data demonstrate therapeutic potential tailored techniques. However, significant challenges remain, across BBB reducing off-target As research advances, creation personalized, cytokine-centered therapeutics has therapy landscape illnesses, giving patients hope better results higher quality life.

Язык: Английский

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Nutrition therapy for critically ill patients - five key problems

Clinical Nutrition, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 46, С. 45 - 51

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

A pragmatic trial and its secondary analyses have demonstrated that nutritional care not only reduces complications but also significantly improves survival in medical patients at risk of malnutrition. In contrast, for critically ill comparable evidence is scarce. Consequently, many propositions refining the research agenda study design field critical nutrition already been made. The aim this paper to elucidate further problems care. Critical appraisal literature from past 70 years. We identified five key problems: 1. immunologic background catabolism 2. energy goal during acute phase 3. quantification endogenous substrate production 4. incorporation clinical biological data into design, 5. cardiopulmonary exercise testing recovery phase. solution these should supplement made by other authors essential improving after

Язык: Английский

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The gut-brain axis in traumatic brain Injury: Literature review

Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 136, С. 111258 - 111258

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Traumatic brain injury: Symptoms to systems in the 21st century

Brain Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 1845, С. 149271 - 149271

Опубликована: Окт. 11, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Emerging functions and therapeutic targets of IL‐38 in central nervous system diseases

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 30(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024

Interleukin (IL)-38 is a newly discovered cytokine of the IL-1 family, which binds various receptors (i.e., IL-36R, receptor accessory protein-like 1, and IL-1R1) in central nervous system (CNS). The hallmark physiological function IL-38 competitive binding to as does IL-36R antagonist. Emerging research has shown that abnormally expressed serum brain tissue patients with ischemic stroke (IS) autism spectrum disorder (ASD), suggesting may play an important role neurological diseases. Important advances include alleviates neuromyelitis optica (NMOD) by inhibiting Th17 expression, improves IS protecting against atherosclerosis via regulating immune cells inflammation, reduces IL-1β CXCL8 release through human microglial activity post-ASD. In contrast, mRNA markedly increased mainly phagocytes spinal cord injury (SCI). ablation attenuated SCI reducing cell infiltration. However, effect underlying mechanism CNS diseases remain inadequately characterized. this review, we summarize biological characteristics, pathophysiological role, potential mechanisms (e.g., NMOD, Alzheimer's disease, ASD, IS, TBI, SCI), aiming explore therapeutic prevention treatment

Язык: Английский

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Chronic immunosuppression across 12 months and high ability of acute and subacute CNS-injury biomarker concentrations to identify individuals with complicated mTBI on acute CT and MRI

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2024

Abstract Background Identifying individuals with intracranial injuries following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), i.e. complicated mTBI cases, is important for follow-up and prognostication. The main aims of our study were (1) to assess the temporal evolution blood biomarkers CNS inflammation in determined on computer tomography (CT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); (2) corresponding discriminability both single- multi-biomarker panels, from acute chronic phases after injury. Methods Patients ( n = 207), defined as Glasgow Coma Scale score between 13 15, loss consciousness < 30 min post-traumatic amnesia 24 h, included. Complicated – i.e., presence any neuroimaging was present 8% 16) CT (CT+) 12% 25) MRI (MRI+). Blood sampled at four timepoints injury: admission (within 72 h), 2 weeks (± 3 days), months weeks) 12 1 month). included glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light (NFL) tau, along markers. Results most discriminative single GFAP (CT+: AUC 0.78; MRI+: 0.82), NFL 0.81; 0.89) (MRI+: 0.86). MIP-1β IP-10 concentrations significantly lower across period who CT+ MRI+. Eotaxin IL-9 MRI+ only. FGF-basic increased over time MRI- higher than months. Multi-biomarker panels improved all (AUCs > 0.85 2-week models classifying ≈ 0.90 admission, 3-month MRI+). Conclusions useful diagnostic mTBI, especially subacute mTBI. Several markers suppressed patients versus uncomplicated remained so even accuracy timepoints, though NFL, respectively, displayed similar compared panels.

Язык: Английский

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The Levels of Biomarkers Interleukin 1 (IL-1) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in Non-Invasive Conventional Rehabilitation and Robotic Rehabilitation Among Brain Injury Patients: A Narrative Review

Cureus, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Авг. 31, 2024

Acquired brain injury (ABI) is becoming increasingly common in Malaysia as a result of rise both strokes and accidents. The present review aims to explore the levels serum inflammatory markers interleukin-1 (IL-1) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) following conventional robotic rehabilitation regimes among ABI patients association between biomarkers with Medical Research Council (MRC) scale for muscle strength. Online databases, namely ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar were utilized by using search terms such 'Definition injury', 'Epidemiology 'Interleukin-1 stroke', 'BDNF traumatic level rehabilitation', neurorehabilitation', neurorehabilitation'. All types articles different evidence included along other relevant articles. Articles that not English available full text excluded. identifies similar no significant improvement treatment concerning IL-1 BDNF. This also strength endurance training improved BDNF patients. Therefore, this provides non-invasive patients, well their relation MRC scale, give good functional outcome will enhance quality life these groups individuals.

Язык: Английский

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Unravelling Secondary Brain Injury: Insights from a Human-Sized Porcine Model of Acute Subdural Haematoma

Cells, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1), С. 17 - 17

Опубликована: Дек. 27, 2024

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the leading causes death. Because individual nature trauma (brain, circumstances and forces), humans experience TBIs. This makes it difficult to generalise therapies. Clinical management issues such as whether intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion (CPP) or decompressive craniectomy improve patient outcome remain partly unanswered. Experimental drug approaches for treatment secondary (SBI) have not found clinical application. The complex, cellular molecular pathways SBI incompletely understood, there are insufficient experimental (animal) models that reflect pathophysiology human TBI develop translational therapeutic approaches. Therefore, we investigated different patterns after acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) in a post-hoc approach assess impact on long-term, human-sized porcine animal model. Post-mortem tissue analysis, ASDH, bilateral ICP, CPP, oxygenation temperature monitoring, biomarker analysis were performed. Extracerebral, intraparenchymal–extraventricular intraventricular blood, combined with brainstem basal ganglia injury, influenced experiment its outcome. Basal affects duration experiment. Recognition these is important interpretation results this model TBI.

Язык: Английский

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Pharmacotherapy for Traumatic Brain Injury: The Next Generation of Clinical Trials

Neurotherapeutics, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(6), С. 1428 - 1432

Опубликована: Сен. 12, 2023

Язык: Английский

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