High frequency of transition to transversion ratio in the stem region of RNA secondary structure of untranslated region of SARS-CoV-2

PeerJ, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12, С. e16962 - e16962

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2024

Introduction The propensity of nucleotide bases to form pairs, causes folding and the formation secondary structure in RNA. Therefore, purine (R): pyrimidine (Y) base-pairing is vital maintain uniform lateral dimension RNA structure. Transversions or base substitutions between R Y bases, are more detrimental stability structure, than transitions derived from A G C T. study transversion transition important understand evolutionary mechanisms 5′ 3′ untranslated (UTR) regions SARS-CoV-2. In this work, we carried out comparative analysis stem loop Methods We have considered experimentally determined well documented UTR SARS-CoV-2 for substitution analysis. comprising were visualized using RNAfold web server. GISAID repository was used extract sequence alignment regions. Python scripts developed frequencies Results results revealed a higher ( ti ) tv ratio ti/tv region reported during early stage pandemic. suggested influence selecting pattern substitutions. This differential values not observed among Delta Omicron variants that dominated later It noteworthy similar dominant variant strains which be investigated rapid evolution global adaptation Conclusion Our findings implicate lower frequency transversions UTRs structures associated with replication, translation, packaging, further investigations needed these across different

Язык: Английский

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An Overview of the Strategies to Boost SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immunity in People with Inborn Errors of Immunity

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 12(6), С. 675 - 675

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has heightened concerns about immunological protection, especially for individuals with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). While COVID-19 vaccines elicit strong immune responses in healthy individuals, their effectiveness IEI patients remains unclear, particularly against new viral variants and vaccine formulations. This uncertainty led to anxiety, prolonged self-isolation, repeated vaccinations uncertain benefits among patients. Despite some level response from vaccination, the definition protective is still unknown. Given susceptibility severe COVID-19, strategies such as immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) monoclonal antibodies have been employed provide passive immunity, protection both current emerging variants. review examines efficacy antibody-based therapies patients, capacity recognize variants, necessary advances required ongoing people IEIs.

Язык: Английский

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An Overview of the Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccination and Strategies to Boost SARS-CoV-2 Immunity in People with Inborn Errors of Immunity

Опубликована: Май 10, 2024

The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has raised concerns surrounding immunological protection against the virus, particularly for people with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). While COVID-19 vaccination induces robust antibody, memory B-cell, and T-cell responses in healthy individuals, how well protects IEI infection severe disease remains unclear – especially context new viral variants vaccine formulations leading to anxiety, self-isolation, repeated limited evidence increased efficacy. Whilst most generate some level cellular and/or humoral vaccination, durability response are unclear. Alongside antibody-based therapeutics aimed at limiting this cohort. Immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) provides passive antibody-deficient individuals. However, successfully prevent infection, a sufficient number neutralizing antibodies must be present product. circulating eventually IgRT products (both from natural donors), their capacity recognize is limited. Furthermore, while pre- post-exposure prophylaxis can effective, they susceptible decreased efficacy variant evolution. This review an in-depth overview current knowledge about IEIs, SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody products, technological advances required continued IEI.

Язык: Английский

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Prone-to-Infectivity of Omicron BA.2 Subvariant from Indonesia on ACE-2 Expressing Cell Lines

Journal of Advanced Research in Micro and Nano Engieering, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(1), С. 54 - 65

Опубликована: Июль 31, 2024

SARS-CoV-2 virus undergoes mutation, leading to the virus's evolution and modifications in characteristics of virus. Omicron, including BA.2 subvariant, is currently predominant variant infection. There are no reports regarding its properties or utilization Indonesian isolate for therapy vaccine development. Therefore, this study evaluated appropriate host cells Omicron via susceptibility tests. The from Indonesia was exposed three mammalian-ACE2-expressing cell lines. Sharing amino acids between previous VOC subvariants performed using a simple silico comparison method. results showed that could not infect HepG2 Huh-7D12 due foci forming on those Moreover, we also found has unique acid alteration spike protein. According findings, propagate Vero E6 lines, mutations play role changing infection mechanism. A deeper vitro experiment enhance findings by comparing all sequences analyzing mechanism each single mutation pseudovirus.

Язык: Английский

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Research progress of spike protein mutation of SARS-CoV-2 mutant strain and antibody development

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 15

Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory with very high infectious rate caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2). Because SARS-CoV-2 easy to mutate, continuous emergence of variant strains not only enhances infectivity but also brings great obstacles treatment COVID-19. Neutralizing antibodies have achieved good results in clinical application novel pneumonia, which can be used for pre-infection protection and patients. This review makes detailed introduction mutation characteristics SARS-CoV-2, focusing on molecular mechanism affecting impact monoclonal antibody therapy, providing scientific reference prevention research development drugs.

Язык: Английский

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