Domestication and the evolution of crops: variable syndromes, complex genetic architectures, and ecological entanglements

The Plant Cell, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 36(5), С. 1227 - 1241

Опубликована: Янв. 18, 2024

Domestication can be considered a specialized mutualism in which domesticator exerts control over the reproduction or propagation (fitness) of domesticated species to gain resources services. The evolution crops by human-associated selection provides powerful set models study recent evolutionary adaptations and their genetic bases. Moreover, domestication dispersal such as rice, maize, wheat during Holocene transformed human social political organization serving key mechanism societies fed themselves. Here we review major themes identify emerging questions three fundamental areas crop research: phenotypes syndromes, architecture underlying evolution, ecology domestication. Current insights on syndrome largely come from research cereal rice work indicates distinct arise different histories. While early studies genetics often identified single large-effect loci traits, evidence supports polygenic bases for many canonical traits shattering plant architecture. Adaptation human-constructed environments also influenced ecological domesticates resource acquisition rates interactions with other organisms root mycorrhizal fungi pollinators. Understanding context will developing resource-efficient implementing more sustainable land management cultivation practices.

Язык: Английский

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Diversification for sustainable and resilient agricultural landscape systems

Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 43(4)

Опубликована: Июль 13, 2023

Abstract This virtual issue comprises papers that address diversification for providing sustainable solutions at different scales from cropping and grassland to food systems. The authors investigated processes in case studies the landscape scale where synergies trade-offs between social environmental objectives become most tangible. Contributions all continents highlighted regional specificities related include research natural sciences, with inter- transdisciplinary approaches including synthesis of knowledge (reviews), empirical experiments as well assessments interviews studies: Model-based design crop diversification, role digitalization achieving sustainability European context, ecological engineering rice pest suppression China, cereal species mixtures Ethiopian smallholder farmers, diversified planting arid irrigation areas northwestern integration legumes Canadian systems, screening native forage northern Swedish system farmers south-central Bangladesh, identification how imagine landscapes southern Idaho US, farm affecting impacts COVID-19 across Europe, farming Mato Grosso Brazil, soil management measures Germany, value chain formation scaling process scientists transition toward legume-supported Europe. A key finding these examples is agricultural intensification has led simplification systems terms diversity ecosystem function. To instead move towards transformation, levels (i.e. plot, farm, landscape, governance overall systems) need interact reinforce each other deliver desired outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Contrasted reaction norms of wheat yield in pure vs mixed stands explained by tillering plasticities and shade avoidance

Field Crops Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 310, С. 109368 - 109368

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Diversification from field to landscape to adapt Mediterranean rainfed agriculture to water scarcity in climate change context

Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 65, С. 101336 - 101336

Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Crop gains induced by diversification exceed crop losses to diseases and weeds in a low-input rice cultivation system

Basic and Applied Ecology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Diversity, Spatial Distribution, Breeding Status, Production Level, and Use Dynamics Analysis of Food Barley in Ethiopia

Advances in Agriculture, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 2025(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Barley is a significant cereal crop in Ethiopia, known for its rich genetic diversity, which includes both hulled and hull‐less types adapted to the diverse agroecological zones of country. This diversity crucial breeding programs aimed at developing improved varieties that can withstand various stresses. The spatial distribution barley Ethiopia extensive, from highlands midaltitude areas, with particularly well‐suited cool moist conditions found highlands. has made progress, Ethiopian Institute Agricultural Research (EIAR) other institutions focusing on traits such as disease resistance, drought tolerance, grain quality. production substantial, grown food feed. It faces challenges low productivity, limited access inputs, impact climate change. Despite these challenges, plays vital role security, income generation, cultural practices. use dynamics are varied, traditional uses including injera, beer, products. There also an increasing interest potential malt brewing industry source high‐quality protein animal Finally, important across altitudes, progress toward varieties, opportunities, food, feed, industry. Ongoing research development efforts essential enhance productivity sustainability current future.

Язык: Английский

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Mixed teff (Eragrostis tef, Poaceae) cultivation and consumption among smallholder farmers in South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2025

Indigenous cropping systems were often developed with a focus on resilience. For example, farmers in many parts of the world have traditionally grown crop varietal mixtures to mitigate risks failure due drought, pests, and disease. However, are threatened by policies encouraging plant homogenous, single-variety systems, which more vulnerable increasing climate variability. Teff is one indigenous staple crops Ethiopian origin cultivated throughout country for multiple purposes. Farmers continue cultivate diverse varieties teff, as well mixture known SERGEGNA teff. We assessed farmers' knowledge practices related teff northern highlands Ethiopia understand its advantages threats continued use. Research was conducted six kebeles (sub-districts) Kalu Tehuledere districts South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia, situated warm moist lowlands tepid cool mid-highlands. Data collected through structured surveys 304 randomly sampled interviewees, semi-structured interviews 36 purposively key informants, group discussions, guided field tours market surveys. Varieties standing fields within 5 m × random plots at seed-setting stage. analysis included cross-tabulation survey interview data, descriptive statistics, hierarchical clustering. dominates farm study kebeles. Altogether, 13 distinct varieties, including (landraces) breeders' recorded. Fifty-three percent respondents reported active cultivation variety mixtures. The same proportion asserted preference over pure brown or white account nutritional benefits non-food domestic functions. also top-ranked informants drought disease resistance, resilience, ecological elasticity. Households utilizing various types food selling local markets. Most (53% those who cultivating 2023) indicated using prepare leavened unleavened foods, INJERA, DIMESO, KITA, ANEBABERO, SEREBAT, porridge gruel. express that ongoing use boost production enhance resilience economic returns. These perspectives should be considered initiatives promoting single breeder's risk supplanting traditional Further study, alongside proactive conservation, scaled-up efforts institutions concerned security, biodiversity inclusion ILK needed.

Язык: Английский

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Empowering smallholder olive growers in northwest Tunisia through an agroecological business model

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 9

Опубликована: Май 6, 2025

Olive cultivation struggles with climate change, resource degradation, and price volatility. Agroecology is considered as the mainstream model for transforming agriculture toward sustainable agri-food systems within given economic political context. This study aims to conduct an agroecological assessment of current business olive growers develop upgraded integrating practices in northwest Tunisia. A participative approach based on workshops stakeholders oil value chain (OOVC) was conducted. In addition, a Business Model Canvas (BMC), followed by application Criteria Tool (B-ACT) used. The results show that six principles (co-creation knowledge, social diets, fairness, connectivity, land natural governance, participation) are integrated existing BMC, but hold significant promise enhancement BMC focuses diversification, niche market penetration, heritage preservation. establishment Growers' Association geared empowering growers, fostering collaboration access resources, knowledge exchange, collective decision-making, co-learning food systems. Moreover, processing, conditioning, marketing into association ensures quality control, streamlines operations, enhances across growers' BMC.

Язык: Английский

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Dynamic mixtures reduce the severity of a number of diseases in rice and bean in low-input mountain farming systems of Nepal

Euphytica, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 221(6)

Опубликована: Май 20, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Economic outcomes from adopting cereal-legume intercropping practices in Sweden

Agricultural Systems, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 220, С. 104064 - 104064

Опубликована: Июль 15, 2024

The need for sustainable and resilient farming practices is clearly communicated by the scholars European Union policy strategies. low interest in adopting practice due to uncertainties variability economic outcomes across various intercropping types calls research attention. In this respect, needed identifying specific that lead improved farm-level resilience. This study investigates consequences of adoption on farm outcomes, context achieving Specific objectives are assess effect i) outcomes; ii) production adjustments resilience practices, both comparison conventional mono-cropped agriculture. analysis conducted using a stochastic partial budgeting model. We use Swedish agriculture as an empirical basis our model two baseline cereal monocropping scenarios corresponding alternative (strip mixed) cereal-legume scenarios. examine net changes risk characteristics resulting from adaptation practices. Estimates respective integrated assessment Results reveal benefit change differs alternatives. Prices monocropped intercropped products alternatives N fertilizer strip most influential factors determining adaptability capacity. provides novel approach contributes literature via quantifying capacities hypothetical technology adoption. paper presents unique results Nordic context, giving regions shares common challenges such short growing season cold temperature. offer valuable insights extension services guiding farmers choose appropriate based possibilities market needs. Policy implications targeting discussed.

Язык: Английский

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