Mixing things up! Identifying early diversity benefits and facilitating the development of improved variety mixtures with high throughput field phenotyping

The Plant Phenome Journal, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2023

Abstract Crop diversification is a potential strategy to increase the stability and productivity of crops, while reducing pathogen pressures pesticide requirements. variety mixtures provide some these benefits their cultivation fully compatible with current mechanized agronomic practices. However, development optimal long, labour‐intense process requiring extensive field trials. High throughput phenotyping (HTFP) methods promising applications in testing because they allow for precise, repeatable, rapid measurements crop properties. Here, we evaluated use HTFP developing high‐performing oat ( Avena sativa ) by its suitability predict diversity yield from repeated canopy across growing season. Analyzing 26 five varieties, found significant overyielding at harvest, that is, were on average more productive than expected based component pure stands. This grain was well predicted deviations between mixture stand cover estimations, derived mid‐way through shows (i) positive interactions varieties occur already an early stage, (ii) such lead increased light interception, (iii) offers rapid, scalable screen performant mixtures.

Язык: Английский

---

Margins or Nodes? The Role of the Inner Asian Mountain Communities in Prehistoric Food Globalization

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 22, 2024

Abstract The multi-directional translocation of domesticates across Central Asia played a major role in the past cultural, demographic, and environmental transformations Eurasia. mountain chains that stretch are especially intriguing for addressing prehistoric network formation systems Mountain zones acted as geographical filters by influencing when what animal plant species were dispersed to trans-range regions Eurasia, how networks interaction formed. At same time, diverse ecosystems valleys abundance water vital area holding those together. This paper discusses earliest evidence food production Tien Shan communities distributing crop wider Asia. In light newest research, chapter will discuss human subsistence strategies these high-elevation prehistory, pinpointing timings arrival, identifying selection between due marginal climates. It also cultural processes facilitated early domesticated movement region where filtering effects very distinct. Thus, this holds clue explaining distribution patterns our domesticates. Finally, shows mountains not ‘pass over’ territory, but instead densely populated anchored agricultural economies long-distance Eurasian exchange networks.

Язык: Английский

---

Farmers’ Preferences and Agronomic Evaluation of Dynamic Mixtures of Rice and Bean in Nepal

Diversity, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(5), С. 660 - 660

Опубликована: Май 13, 2023

Field trials of rice and bean dynamic mixtures were carried out in low input hill farming systems Nepal from 2019 to 2021 improve productivity resilience. The conducted two locations (Jumla Lamjung) those on Jumla, using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Dynamic constructed landraces, improved varieties breeding lines for both crops. A total 48 entries used whereas 56 66 make location-specific Lamjung respectively. They formed by mixing diverse as strategy maintain broad genetic base. Farmers (men women) technicians selected the most complex mixture selections added starting second year. In rice, some gave grain yield comparable check higher than local checks. case bean, differences between not significant but received high preference score. Overall, appear reliable material sustainable increase system Nepal.

Язык: Английский

---

Triticum timopheevii s.l. (‘new glume wheat’) finds in regions of southern and eastern Europe across space and time

Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(1), С. 195 - 208

Опубликована: Окт. 12, 2023

Abstract Triticum timopheevii sensu lato (‘new glume wheat’, NGW) was first recognised as a distinct prehistoric cereal crop through work on archaeobotanical finds from Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in northern Greece. This later followed by its identification assemblages other parts of Europe. paper provides an overview the currently known Timopheev’s wheat southeastern eastern Europe observes their temporal span spatial distribution. To date, there are 89 with these finds, located different study region dated to very late Iron Age. Their latest recorded presence is last centuries bce . For site whole containing at least 30 grain and/or chaff remains wheat, we take brief look overall relative proportions monococcum (einkorn), T. dicoccum (emmer) s.l. (Timopheev’s wheat), three most common wheats our prehistory. We highlight several where might be taken suggest it minor component mixed (maslin), or unmonitored inclusion einkorn emmer fields. At same sites, however, also discrete contexts this strongly predominant, pointing cultivation pure crop. therefore emphasise need evaluate representation level individual samples before making inferences status. encourage re-examination historic for remains.

Язык: Английский

---

Co-design of diversified cropping systems in the Mediterranean area

European Journal of Agronomy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 153, С. 127050 - 127050

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

The potential of undersown species identity vs. diversity to manage disease in crops

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 3, 2024

Abstract In the absence of chemical control with its negative side effects, fungal pathogens can cause large yield losses, requiring us to develop agroecosystems that are inherently disease resistant. Grassland biodiversity experiments often find plant species diversity reduce pathogen pressure, but whether incorporating high levels in agricultural fields have similar effects remains largely unknown. We tested if undersown could barley disease, and effect was mediated through above- or belowground mechanisms, by combining an field trial a soil transplant experiment. As predicted, decreased presence plants. Undersown richness had no effect, their abundance led early season reduction. Aboveground mechanisms underpinned this Barley slightly increasing richness, varied impact on yield. identified two functional traits contributed most reduction potential increase Furthermore, our results indicate aboveground caused this. show agroecosystem functioning be improved without trade-offs targeted selection species.

Язык: Английский

---

Potential of undersown species identity versus diversity to manage disease in crops

Functional Ecology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 38(7), С. 1497 - 1509

Опубликована: Май 24, 2024

Abstract In the absence of chemical control with its negative side effects, fungal pathogens can cause large yield losses, requiring us to develop agroecosystems that are inherently disease resistant. Grassland biodiversity experiments often find plant species diversity reduce pathogen pressure, but whether incorporating high levels in agricultural fields have similar effects remains largely unknown. We tested if undersown could barley disease, and effect was mediated through above‐ or below‐ground mechanisms, by combining an field trial a soil transplant experiment. As predicted, decreased presence plants. Undersown richness had no effect, their abundance led early season reduction. Above‐ground mechanisms underpinned this Barley slightly increasing richness, varied impact on yield. identified two species, Trifolium repens T. hybridum , contributed most reduction potential increase Furthermore, our results indicate above‐ground caused this. show agroecosystem functioning be improved without trade‐offs targeted selection species. Read free Plain Language Summary for article Journal blog.

Язык: Английский

---

Farming during turbulent times: Agriculture, food crops, and manuring practices in Bronze Age to Viking Age Denmark

Journal of Archaeological Science Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 58, С. 104736 - 104736

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Traditional Knowledge and Ethnoarchaeological Investigations in the Northern Ethiopian Highlands: Pathways to Understanding Past and Present Foodways

Ethnoarchaeology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(2), С. 180 - 207

Опубликована: Июль 3, 2023

ABSTRACTResearch on ancient and present-day foodways in northern highland Ethiopia, focused grinding stones (querns, handstones) non-mechanized crop processing, has demonstrated the continuity of food processing systems since at least 1600 BCE to present. This long-term research employed archaeological, ethnoarchaeological, traditional knowledge approaches. Traditional is often understood be an accumulation "know how" acquired handed down through generations ancestors. Ethnoarchaeology involves ethnographic studies build analogies, models, ways understanding that can applied archaeological record for interpretive purposes. Increasingly, archaeology ethnoarchaeology integrate by working with community members. article presents results two projects separated 13 years together demonstrate effectiveness combining these approaches past Ethiopia. Importantly, incorporating into methodologies also ensures Indigenous people have a voice explaining their past.ኣብ ሰሜናዊ ከበሳታት ኢትዮጵያ ኣብ ጥንታውን እዋናውን ኣገባባት ምግቢ ዝተገብረ መጽናዕቲ ከም ዝሕብሮ፡ ብዛዕባ እቲ እምኒ መጥሓን (ኲርን ኣእማን ኢድ) ከምኡውን መካኒካዊ ዘይኮነ መሳርሒ እኽሊ ዘተኾረ መፅናዕቲ ካብ ቅ. ል ክ. ኣትሒዙ ኽሳዕ ሕጂ ይቕጽል ዘሎ ኣርእዩ እዩ። እዚ ነባሪ ምርምር ስነ-ጥንታዊ ዓሌታዊ ባህላዊ ፍልጠት ንክህልወካ ገይሩ መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ እኩብ ዝኮነ ጌርካ እዩ ዝውሰድ፡ ንወለዶታት ኣቦሓጎታትና ብኸመይ ዘጥረይዎን ዝተመሓላለፈን ድማ ይፈልጡ እዮም። ኢትኖኣርኪዮሎጂ መዝገብ ንምትርጓም ክውዕል ዝኽእል ምምስሳል ሞደል መገድታት ንምርዳእ /ንምስራሕ ምግባር ዘጠቓልል ስነ-ጥንቲ ኮነ ነቲ ምስ ኣባላት ማሕበረሰብ የተሓሕዞም ኣሎ። እዛ ዓንቀፅ እዚኣ ከበሳ ዝነበረ ሕሉፍ ነዚ ሜላታት ብሓባር ብምትሕንፋፅ ውፅኢታዊ ምዃኑ ዘርኢ ብ13 ዓመት ዝተፈላለዩ ኽልተ ፕሮጀክትታት ዝተረኽበ ውፅኢት ይሕብር። ዘገርም ከዓ ምትእትታው ደቀባት ህይወቶም ናይ ምግላጽ ድምዲ ኸም ዘለዎም የረጋግጽ።KEYWORDS: knowledgeethnoarchaeologyTigraiNorthern Ethiopiafoodwaysgrinding stonescrop processingIndigenous voices AcknowledgementsWe sincerely appreciate consultants who shared us. Particularly, we would like acknowledge Ato Abrha Kidanu, Waizaro Halufti Tesfaye, Mebratu Areyhu, Yalemser Astbha, Tadelu Waizoro Lemlem Gebreziabhear, Azieb Tesfay, Abarit, Zaid Mahray, Haleka Tehwoelde Brahn Beyene, Nigisti Hagos, Gebreselassie Gebreyesus, Medin Abade, Hailu Hago; latter six participated stone workshop. We thank Mitiku Haile, Fetien Abay, Ann Butler Jenny Adams providing critical assistance field development our designs. are grateful academic collaborators worked us as interpreters, especially Zelealem Shumuye Belay, Yemane Meresa, Habtamu Mekonnen, Guesh Tsehaye. Meresa translating abstract Tigrinya anonymous reviewers made valuable suggestions recommendations. Ethiopian Heritage Authority (EHA) Tigrai Culture Tourism Bureau (TCTB) permission undertake Tigrai.Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict interest was reported author(s).Additional informationFundingEthnoarchaeological fieldwork Southern Eastern supported grants from Social Sciences Humanities Research Council Canada (SSHRC) [Research Grants No. 410-96-1520 410-2002-0846]. Archaeological ethnoarchaeological work Mezber Ona Adi SSHRC 435 2014-0182 435-2018-0445] Joseph-Armand Bombardier Graduate Doctoral Scholarships.Notes contributorsLaurie A. Nixon-DarcusLaurie Nixon-Darcus completed her PhD 2022 conducting Tigrai, Her focuses knowledge, cultural contexts traditions, tribology, use-wear ground tools. Recent collaborations compared investigations micro botanical establish long-held traditions both imported grains processed far back site Tigrai. She currently holds sessional instructor position Simon Fraser University, Canada. In addition pursuits, Laurie actively involved many volunteer groups.A. Catherine D'AndreaA. D'Andrea Professor Archaeology conducted Ethiopia 1996 been Director Project (ETAP) 2004. palaeoethnobotanical eastern West Africa knowledge/ethnoarchaeological recent early agricultural peoples rise complex societies Horn Africa.

Язык: Английский

---

Decent work, sustainable livelihoods and climate action: Time for a clean slate?

Australian Journal of Career Development, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 32(3), С. 196 - 202

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2023

Jobs have arguably failed to deliver for most job holders worldwide, with mass precariousness now the norm across globe. Where does this leave career development, which is often associated jobs? One constant working make a living. Securing that goal into future – what ‘career’ implies may require more than just United Nations/International Labour Organization call ‘Decent work’. ‘Sustainable Livelihoods’ span multiple forms of work, emphasise social connectedness, including protection against crises all kinds, plus protecting ecosystem present and generations. As such, they resonate 17 2015–2030 Nations Sustainable Development Goals. They further imply re-starting anew metaphorical clean slate concerning how we (meaning work professionals) conceptualise together support sustainable careers others. Biased in Humanitarian Work Psychology, paper starts sketch out shape collaboration.

Язык: Английский

---