Problems and solutions to cork oak (Quercus suber L.) regeneration: a review

iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(1), С. 10 - 22

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2023

This study aimed to review the requirements and difficulties of natural artificial regeneration cork oak (Quercus suber L.) in Mediterranean Basin. Cork is achieved naturally by means sexual or vegetative reproduction (by seeds sprouting), artificially through direct seeding, seedling planting. Both frequently encounter numerous which limit ecological conditions for regeneration, including acorn predation, slow growth, competition, browsing seedlings, fires, pests diseases, summer drought. We reviewed state art these summarize potential solutions each form.

Язык: Английский

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Increased tolerance to Phytophthora cinnamomi in offspring of ink-diseased chestnut (Castanea sativa Miller) trees

Annals of Forest Science, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 76(4)

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2019

Язык: Английский

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Does parental tree size determine acorn germination in Quercus ilex L. dehesas?

Forest Ecology and Management, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 583, С. 122587 - 122587

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2025

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Variations in Acorn Characteristics Between Two Mediterranean Quercus Species and Their Hybrids Through Contrasting Environmental Gradients in Spain

Plants, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(5), С. 718 - 718

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025

Oaks are characterized by high plasticity and intense interspecific gene flow due to natural hybridization. This generates a wide phenotypic spectrum, which creates taxonomic confusion within the genus. We compared acorn traits across temperature gradient in two types of Mediterranean Quercus (Quercus faginea Lam. Q. pyrenaica Willd.) their hybrids. Genetic groups were identified using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLPs) analysis. Acorns sampled from each three genetic used for comparative purposes means 15 morphological characteristics. Eight showed discriminant value among groups. The height tended decrease with decreasing temperatures gradient, whereas width exhibited opposite response. However, fruit allowed discrimination between groups, differences consistent different zones. Both number acorns produced individual size larger pyrenaica. Hybrids intermediate both parent species. Traditionally, persistence parental species absence reproductive barriers has been explained lower fitness Our results, however, do not reveal presence transgressive characteristics hybrids that could justify competitive capacity.

Язык: Английский

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Direct seeding for restoration of mixed oak forests: Influence of distance to forest edge, predator-derived repellent and acorn size on seed removal by granivorous rodents

Forest Ecology and Management, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 477, С. 118484 - 118484

Опубликована: Авг. 11, 2020

Restoration of mixed oak forest in northern temperate regions is important for biodiversity and adaptation management to climate change. Direct seeding has been considered as a cost-effective method the assisted regeneration oaks. However, removal acorns by granivorous rodents hinders its application. Patterns acorn can vary with habitat type, presence predators, size. In this field study, we tested effects distance edge, predator excrement repellent, size on performance direct-seeded southern Sweden. The experiment was carried out at two different sites. Our hypotheses were: (i) clear-cuts, higher closer edge compared open areas, (ii) treatment reduces without affecting germination, (iii) larger will be removed more readily than smaller acorns. Finally, also investigated if seedlings from survive better grow taller relation structure repellent. Acorn differed At Skrylle (older clear-cut), no were found. Klåveröd (new clear-cut site), our results suggest that due large slash piles. Less vegetation coverage correlated lower rates removal, except near therefore managers should reduce understory avoid piles during direct oak. Mink failed protect against but did not germination. Bigger produced enhance overall woodland establishment their rate. further potential food satiation effect an extra supply additional food. Satiation manipulation might potentially mitigating impact seed predation oak, such approach requires research before it could recommended.

Язык: Английский

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Variations in Acorn Traits in Two Oak Species: Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. and Quercus variabilis Blume

Forests, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 12(12), С. 1755 - 1755

Опубликована: Дек. 12, 2021

Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. and Q. variabilis Blume are two main oak species in China, producing large amounts of acorns every year. However, the trait variations acorns, as a promising energy crop material, not fully understood, hence we compared traits from different populations with altered geographic distribution this study. Thirteen acorn traits, including phenotype, proximate compositions functional compounds, were analyzed both L. collected 44 across China. The results showed that, except differences found among accessions sizes, starch varied 140.96–297.09 mg/g 130.99–306.28 variabilis, indicating its substantial populations. total polyphenols, flavonoids soluble tannins 41.76–158.92, 23.43–91.94, 15.11–17.81 mg/g, respectively, mongolica, 89.36–188.37, 50.59–116.07, 15.24–17.33 demonstrating their levels polyphenols Moreover, North China Southwest had higher polyphenols. As geographical location approached species, difference sizes gradually increased, while that opposite. Principal component analysis cluster further revealed became larger less increasing latitudes species. In small high which was contrary to those variabilis. These findings indicated closely associated distribution. Thus, our will provide references for selection breeding starch, or low regions.

Язык: Английский

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The reproductive biology of Fagaceae acorns in the current and future climate

Flora, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 315, С. 152504 - 152504

Опубликована: Апрель 2, 2024

Язык: Английский

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The potential impacts of climate change on ex situ conservation options for recalcitrant-seeded species

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 6

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2023

Recalcitrant seeds are characterized by desiccation and freezing sensitivity, short storage longevity. These physiological attributes obviate their ex situ conservation in conventional seed banks, where stored dry at sub-zero temperatures (typically, 15% relative humidity –20°C) for extended periods of time. Propagation plants field collections (e.g., botanical gardens, nurseries, arboretums) is a valuable option. However, these relatively costly, require high maintenance, preserve limited genetic diversity and/or directly exposed to biotic pests) abiotic climatic) threats. Therefore, recalcitrant-seeded (RS) species dependent on cryopreservation safe long-term conservation. Different explant sources such as whole seeds, zygotic embryos, dormant buds, shoot tips, pollen, can be used plant propagation RS well cryopreservation. The success the or explants often depends developmental status, vigor, tolerance chilling/freezing. modulated environment donor grows we hypothesize that climate change, affecting biological attributes, would impact To support this hypothesis, have reviewed how temperature changes drought, two main change scenarios, affect involved tropical temperate species. In general, increases drought will negatively development quality Consequently, may need moved more suitable places higher latitudes/altitudes). Additionally, find reduction germplasm harvested from collections. cannot always generalize effects all since they depend origin tend respond differently), genotype, adaptive potential each population, severity environmental change. On other hand, increase water stress high-latitude areas also some environments favor production seedlings better adapted drying, hence, embryo

Язык: Английский

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Resource manipulation through experimental defoliation has legacy effects on allocation to reproductive and vegetative organs inQuercus ilex

Annals of Botany, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 126(7), С. 1165 - 1179

Опубликована: Июль 14, 2020

Abstract Background and Aims In plants, high costs of reproduction during some years can induce trade-offs in resource allocation with other functions such as growth, survival resistance against herbivores or extreme abiotic conditions, but also subsequent reproduction. Such might occur following shortage at particular moments the reproductive cycle. Because plants are modular organisms, strategies for to vary among hierarchical levels. Using a defoliation experiment, our aim was test how impacted by limitation. Methods We applied three levels (control, moderate intense) branches eight Quercus ilex trees shortly after fruit initiation measured effects limitation induced leaf removal on development (survival, growth germination potential) production vegetative organs year defoliation. Key Results found that had little impact development. Fruit not affected intense treatment, reduced defoliation, this result could be explained an upregulation photosynthesis. Mature mass nor seed success. However, spring defoliated produced fewer shoots compensated loss overproducing leaves expense flowers. Therefore, decreased season did affect sex ratio. Conclusions Our results support idea regulation beyond shoot scale. Defoliation larger legacy than immediate effects.

Язык: Английский

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Influence of Geographical and Climatic Factors on Quercus variabilis Blume Fruit Phenotypic Diversity

Diversity, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 13(7), С. 329 - 329

Опубликована: Июль 18, 2021

Quercus variabilis Blume is one of the most ecologically valuable tree species in China and known to have adaptive mechanisms climate change. Our objective was quantify variation pattern fruit morphology Q. variabilis. Fruit samples were collected from 43 natural populations autumn 2019. results indicated that coefficient (CV) length (FL) width (FW) 10.08% 11.21%, respectively. There significant differences FL, FW, length-to-width ratios (FL/FW) among studied populations. Also, there a positive correlation between FW FL. The FL decreased with increasing precipitation wettest quarter (PWQ). A concave trend observed variations equivalent latitude (ELAT), longitude (LON), annual mean air temperature (MAT), (AP). similar for FL/FW LON, MAT, AP. FL/FW, ELAT. cluster analysis revealed five groups study findings suggests has high levels phenotypic plasticity geographical climatic factors.

Язык: Английский

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