The Many Facets of PPAR-γ Agonism in Obesity and Associated Comorbidities: Benefits, Risks, Challenges, and Future Directions

Current Obesity Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Obesity-Related Chronic Kidney Disease: From Diagnosis to Treatment

Diagnostics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(2), С. 169 - 169

Опубликована: Янв. 14, 2025

Obesity has emerged as a global epidemic with far-reaching health complications, including its role an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Increasing evidence suggests that obesity contributes to CKD through multiple mechanisms, inflammation, hemodynamic alterations, insulin resistance, and lipid accumulation. These processes can culminate in histopathological changes collectively referred obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG). This review aims provide comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding prevalence, clinical manifestations, pathophysiology ORG. Furthermore, we emphasize importance identifying key biomarkers facilitate early detection Finally, explore emerging therapeutic strategies offer promise mitigating this growing crisis.

Язык: Английский

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Beneath the Surface: The Emerging Role of Ultra-Processed Foods in Obesity-Related Cancer

Current Oncology Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025

Abstract Purposeof Review Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are becoming more and important in daily diets around the world; some cases, they can account for as much 60% of energy intake. Epidemiological evidence suggests that this shift toward high levels food processing may be partially responsible global obesity epidemic rise prevalence chronic diseases. Recent Findings Few prospective studies have examined relationship between UPF consumption cancer outcomes. According to currently available information, UPFs increase risk due their obesogenic properties exposure substances cause cancer, such certain additives pollution from product processing. The complex involves factors immune dysregulation, altered adipokine sex hormone levels, abnormal fatty acid metabolism, extracellular matrix remodeling, inflammation. Addressing associated with could involve a multifaceted approach, including consumer behavior modification programs robust public health regulations aimed at enhancing environments. Improved knowledge potential dual negative impacts on environment is one priority areas we identify future research policy implications. Various approaches used prevent cancers consumption, change stricter needed improve environment. Summary This review examines first time role obesity, exploring underlying biological mechanisms identifying key action, environmental impact UPFs.

Язык: Английский

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Elevated GFI1 in Alveolar Macrophages Suppresses ACOD1 Expression and Exacerbates Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Lung Injury in Obesity

Advanced Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2025

To investigate the mechanisms behind worsening of acute lung injury (ALI) in obesity, transcriptomic sequencing is performed, and significantly reduced mRNA levels Aconitate Decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1) tissue high-fat diet (HFD) mice are found. Clinical samples collected, an ALI model established HFD mice, both human mouse analyzed, revealing a significant decrease ACOD1 expression alveolar macrophages obesity. Further vivo vitro experiments show that knockdown worsens injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, while overexpression alleviates these effects. Moreover, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (Nrf2) inhibition diminishes protective effects exacerbated by Additionally, context growth independent (GFI1) protein elevated macrophages, its leads to upregulated expression. Therefore, this study suggests downregulation key likely driven GFI1 upregulation.

Язык: Английский

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Total Hip Arthroplasty in Post-Bariatric Surgery Patients: Increased Risks and Economic Burden?

Healthcare, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(8), С. 887 - 887

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2025

Background: THA is a widely performed surgical procedure that improves mobility and quality of life in patients with hip joint diseases. The increasing prevalence obesity has led to rise the number undergoing following bariatric surgery. This study investigates trends among history surgery, comparing demographics, hospitalization metrics, post-operative complications, overall outcomes those without such history. Methods: Using NIS database (2016–2019), we analyzed cohort 1,496,809 patients, including 20,429 Propensity score matching was employed control for confounding factors, resulting matched each group. Statistical analyses compared demographic characteristics, comorbidities, outcomes, significance threshold p < 0.05. Results: proportion prior surgery increased significantly between 2016 2019 (p 0.01). Compared these were younger (60.3 vs. 66.0 years, 0.01) predominantly female (75.0% 55.5%, After PSM, had shorter hospital stay (2.17 2.37 days, = 0.027) but incurred higher charges ($63,631 $62,883, Post-operative complications this group, risks dislocation (RR 4.0, 95% CI: 3.4–4.8, 0.01), site infection 2.0, 1.8–2.4, pneumonia 2.5, 2.1–2.8, intraoperative fracture 1.6, 1.3–2.0, Conclusions: rising post-bariatric highlights need optimized perioperative care. Despite stays, face complication risks, requiring tailored management. Further research should explore alternative weight management strategies improve outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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CVOT summit report 2024: new cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic outcomes

Cardiovascular Diabetology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 24(1)

Опубликована: Май 2, 2025

Abstract The 10th Cardiovascular Outcome Trial (CVOT) Summit: Congress on Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Metabolic Outcomes was held virtually December 5–6, 2024. This year, discussions about cardiovascular (CV) kidney outcome trials centered the recent findings from studies involving empagliflozin (EMPACT-MI), semaglutide (STEP-HFpEF-DM FLOW), tirzepatide (SURMOUNT-OSA SUMMIT), finerenone (FINEARTS-HF). These represent significant advances in reducing risk of major adverse events (MACE) improving metabolic outcomes heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), chronic disease (CKD), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). congress also comprised sessions novel established therapies for managing HFpEF, CKD, obesity; guidelines CKD dysfunction-associated steatotic liver (MASLD); organ crosstalk development cardio-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome; precision medicine person-centered management diabetes, obesity, (CVD) CKD; early detection type 1 diabetes (T1D) strategies to delay its onset; continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) automated insulin delivery (AID); autonomic neuropathy (CAN) diabetic heart; role primary care detection, prevention CKM diseases. contribution environmental plastic pollution CVD risk, increasing understanding efficacy safety incretin treatment diseases, latest updates nutrition under incretin-based were topics interest a vast audience endocrinologists, diabetologists, cardiologists, nephrologists physicians, who actively engaged online discussions. 11th CVOT Summit will be November 20–21, 2025 ( http://www.cvot.org ).

Язык: Английский

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Renometabolic disorder in experimental rat model of polycystic ovarian syndrome is reversed by acetate-mediated inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4

BMC Nephrology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(1)

Опубликована: Май 13, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The intricate role of adipokines in cancer-related signaling and the tumor microenvironment: Insights for future research

Seminars in Cancer Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 113, С. 130 - 150

Опубликована: Май 22, 2025

Obesity represents a global health challenge, with adipose tissue acting as highly active endocrine organ that synthesizes and secretes diverse array of bioactive proteins, known adipokines. These cell signaling molecules regulate metabolic equilibrium, inflammatory cascades, immune surveillance, exerting substantial systemic effects. A growing body evidence has also highlighted their key role in cancer biology, through intricate impact on oncogenic networks the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME, dynamic heterotypic network composed malignant cells, infiltrating stromal constituents, extracellular matrix elements, facilitates evolution evasion. Among adipokines, adiponectin leptin have been extensively studied. Research shown exhibits tumor-suppressive properties, whereas enhances proliferative, angiogenic, pathways promote malignancy. However, these effects are context-dependent and, at times, contradictory across different studies. Furthermore, functional landscape adipokines extends beyond paradigms, emerging research identifying broader spectrum novel involved reprogramming. This review delineates molecular interplay between pathways, elucidating mechanistic contributions to TME crosstalk modulation. Additionally, we examine potential diagnostic prognostic biomarkers assess viability therapeutic targets for precision oncology. By integrating current unresolved questions, this aims refine our understanding adipokine-driven biology establish platform future research.

Язык: Английский

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Dynamic changes in metabolic syndrome components and chronic kidney disease risk: a population-based prospective cohort study

BMC Endocrine Disorders, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Май 29, 2025

To investigate the relationships between dynamic changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk. Data from UK Biobank, including baseline assessments 2006 to 2010, repeat 2012-2013, linked national health records, were analyzed. MetS consisted of abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure (BP), fasting glucose (FBG), serum uric acid (SUA), lipid abnormalities. The Kaplan-Meier method log-rank test used analyze CKD incidence group differences. Cox regression models assessed association study enrolled 455,060 participants (45.7% male, 18.4% aged 65 years or older) with a median follow-up 12.68 years. Those had significantly higher 10-year cumulative probability than those without (4.14% VS 1.14%). Multivariate analysis showed all abnormalities risk HRs 1.40(1.35-1.45) 1.85 (1.78-1.92), strongly associated (HR: 2.31). rose more progression stages. Notably, FBG being exception, four that shifted normal at abnormal follow - up risk, (95% CI) ranging 1.21 (1.00-1.48) 1.73 (1.34-2.24). Participants high SUA, even if it normalized up, still faced 1.30 fold CI: 1.25-1.35), distinct other components. For developing one ≥ 2 new 1.49 (1.00-2.35) 2.26 (1.21-4.24) respectively. its component are dose response pattern. Incorporating SUA into enhances identification, especially noting females' susceptibility SUA. Dynamic monitoring is crucial for assessing predicting Not applicable.

Язык: Английский

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Kidney Damage in Pediatric Obesity: Insights from an Emerging Perspective

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(23), С. 7025 - 7025

Опубликована: Ноя. 21, 2024

The role of obesity as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adulthood has been well established. Over the last years, damage (KD) emerged significant consequence since childhood. Indeed, complex interplay metabolic factors, including insulin resistance (IR), hypertension, oxidative stress, adipose tissue dysfunction, and systemic inflammation, might affect renal hemodynamics, contributing to CKD development over time at-risk young patients. As prevalence pediatric continues rise globally, understanding implications health terms early intervention is paramount importance. Careful monitoring function within multidisciplinary approach children with crucial detecting KD, allowing timely lifestyle modifications treatment. In this framework, continued research essential further elucidate mechanisms linking KD explore not only effective preventive strategies but also long-term impact on obesity. Given intimate link milieu obesity, we aimed provide comprehensive insightful overview its by reviewing most recent literature field.

Язык: Английский

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