Animal Models of Human Disease

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2024

The crucial role of animal models in biomedical research calls for philosophical investigation how and whether knowledge about human diseases can be gained by studying other species. This Element delves into the selection construction to serve as preclinical substitutes patients. It explores multifaceted roles fulfil translational boundaries between humans animals are negotiated this process. book also covers persistent challenges that have sparked debates across scientific, philosophical, public arenas regarding limitations future models. Among tensions standardization variation medicine, well strategies aiming reduce recapitulate biological complexity. Finally, examines prospects replacing with animal-free methods. demonstrates why modeling should interest philosophers, social scientists, scientists alike.

Язык: Английский

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Integrating evolution into the study of animal sentience

Animal Sentience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(32)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Like many others, I see Crump et al. (2022) as a milestone for improving upon previous guidelines and extending their framework to decapod crustaceans. Their proposal would benefit from firm evolutionary foundation by adding the comparative measurement of life-history complexity ninth criterion attributing sentience nonhuman animals.

Язык: Английский

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I. The Era Beyond Eisemann et al. (1984): Insect pain in the 21st century

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2024

Can insects feel pain? In 1984, Eisemann et al. collected the best available evidence on insect neurobiology and behavior to offer a tentative answer: there appeared be little support an adaptive role for pain perception in insects. intervening years, (1984) has had significant influence entomologists’ public’s understanding of pain, having been cited lack hundreds journal news articles, outreach efforts, pedagogical materials, popular press books. As might expected, however, science related progressed substantially last four decades since its publication. Therefore, we revisit claims made demonstrate that many have undermined by subsequent neurobiological behavioural discoveries. Further, briefly review literature new kinds not considered Eisemann. Based presented, conclude it is time move beyond as definitive scientific authority pain. Both academic discussions should begin engaging with more recent literature. We stress cumulative presented herein intended prove, does However, moves us significantly away from Eisemann’s conclusion implausible, instead supporting view deserves serious empirical theoretical attention warrants, even supported some application precautionary principle at this time.

Язык: Английский

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Noxious stimulation induces self-protective behavior in bumblebees

iScience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 27(8), С. 110440 - 110440

Опубликована: Июль 2, 2024

It has been widely stated that insects do not show self-protective behavior toward noxiously-stimulated body parts, but this claim never empirically tested. Here, we tested whether an insect species displays a type of behavior: self-grooming site. We touched bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) on antenna with noxiously heated (65°C) probe and found that, in the first 2 min after stimulus, bees groomed their more than untouched antenna, were unheated or at all did. Our results present evidence display behavior. discuss potential neural mechanisms implications for feel pain.

Язык: Английский

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Health, consciousness, and the evolution of subjects

Synthese, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 201(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2022

Abstract The goal of this programmatic paper is to highlight a close connection between the core problem in philosophy medicine, i.e. concept health, and mind, consciousness. I show when we look at these phenomena together, taking evolutionary perspective modern state-based behavioural life-history theory used as teleonomic tool Darwinize agent- subject-side organisms, will be better position make sense them both natural phenomena.

Язык: Английский

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Précis of A Philosophy for the Science of Animal Consciousness

Philosophia, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2025

Abstract A Philosophy for the Science of Animal Consciousness aims to advance Donald Griffin’s vision “final, crowning chapter Darwinian revolution” by firmly integrating animals within science consciousness. Although this field has largely neglected questions when and why consciousness evolved, book champions a philosophy where experiences other are put centre-stage in investigations This synopsis offers summary book’s core arguments advancement truly biological approach allows an empirically rigorous investigation into what it is like be bat, crow, bee, or octopus.

Язык: Английский

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Central GABAergic neuromodulation of nocifensive behaviours in bumble bees

iScience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 28(3), С. 112024 - 112024

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2025

In mammals, nocifensive behaviors are modulated by neuroactive compounds indicating a complex pain-processing system. This study aimed to assess the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in modulating bumble bee Bombus terrestris better understand how pain-like regulated insects. Results showed that oral administration gabapentin (0.24 mg/mL), GABAergic analgesic acting at central level, reduced heat sensitivity, making bees more likely pass through tunnel heated 50°C, and suppressed their behaviors. Gene expression analysis revealed significant increase brain GAD1 response noxious stimulation. These findings indicate GABA plays key insects, similar its suggesting insects may possess mechanisms for pain modulation go beyond simple peripheral responses.

Язык: Английский

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Emergence ex Machina: Correlates of Consciousness

Qeios, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 7(2)

Опубликована: Фев. 26, 2025

Consciousness is a phenomenon that justifiably attracts pensive attention. And despite centuries of contemplation and decades research, consciousness remains an elusive poorly defined matter. Its nature, composition, characteristics are hotly debated. The explanatory gap between phenomenal the functions neurobiological correlates considered hard problem. However, so-called “easy” problem, evolutionary biological emergence from underlying substrate, also not easily explainable. discussion about essence spreads far neurophysiology biology into fields quantum mechanics information theory. Old concepts panpsychism pre-eminence before material substrate have re-emerged in recent decades. Neopanpsychism idea potential on physical elemental basis, it expands realm astrophysical objects their networks with complex data production processing. Information theories include possibilities for any non-biological object to harbour proto-mental abilities if they fulfil minimal architectural informational requirements. “normal” grasp “realistic” world perception endure constant criticism leading physicists mathematicians. In this atmosphere, much easier claim platonic abstract ideas ability non-physical exist independently. It important re-evaluate main arguments focus practical efforts classical scientific research its elements, established metrics clear directions. There many which can shift approach hypothesis proving/disproving towards more scholastic nature inability investigate it. certainly has emerging stages, as we see living and, at same time, cannot be limited by one person, or possession challenge abiological fundamental questions require significant answer.

Язык: Английский

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How to Live in the Moment: The Methodology and Limitations of Evolutionary Research on Consciousness

Cognitive Science, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 49(3)

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Abstract There is much interest in investigating the evolution question : How did consciousness evolve? In this paper, we evaluate role that evolutionary considerations can play justifying (i.e., confirming or falsifying) hypotheses about origin, nature, and function of consciousness. Specifically, argue against what call evolution‐first approaches to , according which provide primary foundational lens through should assess function, distribution Based on example Walter Veit's account additional reasoning, contend struggle compelling empirical evidence for their key claims contrast with these approaches, science needs foundationally rely experimental observational from humans other present‐day animals. If our arguments succeed, then researchers, when consciousness, are better advised take as source consciousness’ present, not its past. Having said this, acknowledge thinking plays an important science. We delineate by stressing several ways substantially help advance research, although a manner avoids approach. Since argument only concerns assessment (the “context justification”), it leaves open generating discovery”). That is, may nevertheless hypothesis generation

Язык: Английский

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A multidimensional approach to the self in non-human animals through the Pattern Theory of Self

Frontiers in Psychology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2025

In the last decades, research on animal consciousness has advanced significantly, fueled by interdisciplinary contributions. However, a critical dimension of experience remains underexplored: self. While traditionally linked to human studies, focused self in animals often been framed dichotomously, distinguishing low-level, bodily, and affective aspects from high-level, cognitive, conceptual dimensions. Emerging evidence suggests broader spectrum self-related features across species, yet current theoretical approaches reduce derivative aspect or prioritize narrow high-level dimensions, such as self-recognition metacognition. To address this gap, we propose an integrated framework grounded Pattern Theory Self (PTS). PTS conceptualizes dynamic, multidimensional construct arising matrix ranging bodily intersubjective normative aspects. We adopting perspective for study animals, emphasizing graded nature within each non-hierarchical organization sense, may accommodate both inter- intra-species variability, enabling researchers investigate diverse organisms without relying anthropocentric biases. that, integrating with insights comparative psychology, neuroscience, ethology, application can show how emerges varying degrees forms, shaped ecological niches adaptive demands.

Язык: Английский

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