People Living With HIV have a prolonged virus shedding duration even with anti-SARS-CoV-2 treatment：a retrospective cohort study in Wuhan, China

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 17, 2024

Objective This study aimed to investigate the clearance of SARS-CoV-2 in people living with HIV (PLWH) after receiving anti-SARS-CoV-2 treatment and relevant factors. Methods A retrospective investigation was conducted based on clinical data patients between December 2022 June 2023. The were categorized into PLWH HIV-negative groups. Basic information, comorbidity, COVID-19 severity, white blood cell count, lymphocyte medicine, steroid usage, virus shedding duration collected. Kaplan-Meier curve employed compare rates, multivariate logistic regression Cox analyses utilized identify factors influencing duration. Results total 149 (32 117 individuals) enrolled study. median estimated for group are 21 days 14 days, respectively (P < 0.001). rates at 5th day 15.63% 60.68% 0.001), 28th 87.50% 97.44% = 0.019) groups, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that infection (OR 0.026, 95% CI: 0.004–0.159) count admission 4.341, 1.536–12.265) independent 0.05). Compared mild group, moderate severe groups had significant impacts both revealed age 0.977, 0.963–0.991), 0.351, 0.197–0.626), therapy initiation 0.827, 0.786–0.871), 1.999, 1.372–2.914) moderate, severe, critically ill statistically nucleic acid conversion Conclusion a prolonged even treatment, which could lead more opportunities accumulate multiple mutations induce resistance medicines.

Язык: Английский

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Efficient in vitro assay for evaluating drug efficacy and synergy against emerging SARS-CoV-2 strains

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2024

ABSTRACT Novel and repurposed antiviral drugs are available for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, combinations may be more potent lead to faster viral clearance, but methods screening against respiratory viruses not well established labor-intensive. Here, we describe a time-efficient (72–96 h) simple in vitro drug-sensitivity assay severe acute syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using standard 96-well plates. We employ different synergy models (zero interaction potency, highest single agent, Loewe, Bliss) determine efficacy therapies synergistic ancestral emerging clinical SARS-CoV-2 strains. found that monotherapy remdesivir, nirmatrelvir, active metabolite molnupiravir (EIDD-1931) demonstrated baseline EC50s within clinically achievable levels 4.34 mg/L (CI: 3.74–4.94 mg/L), 1.25 1.10–1.45 0.25 0.20–0.30 respectively, strain. their varied newer Omicron variants BA.1.1.15 BA.2, particularly with protease inhibitor nirmatrelvir. also remdesivir nirmatrelvir have consistent, strong effect (Bliss score >10) at relevant drug concentrations (nirmatrelvir 0.25–1 1–4 mg/L) across all strains tested. This method offers practical tool streamlines identification effective combination detection resistance. Our findings support use targeting multiple components enhance COVID-19 efficacy, context

Язык: Английский

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Longitudinal Study of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinations and Infections in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer: Stabilizing Immune Responses and Neutralizing Emerging Variants with Variant-Adapted Antigen Exposures

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(24), С. 13613 - 13613

Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2024

This longitudinal study examined how active gastrointestinal (GI) cancer types affect immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, focusing on the ability neutralize Omicron variants. Patients with GI (n = 168) were categorized into those hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic metastatic cancer, non-hepatic and two control groups of patients without underlying liver diseases. Humoral cellular evaluated before after antigen exposures. In pre-Omicron era, humoral SARS-CoV-2 immunity decreased three contacts further exposure. While neutralization was significantly lower than wildtype (p < 0.01), infections yet mild moderate. Additional exposures improved IgG levels 0.01) 0.01). However, this effect less intense in particularly pancreaticobiliary neoplasms (PBN; p 0.04), immunodeficiency 0.05), and/or under conventional chemotherapy 0.05). Pre-Omicron prevented severe clinical courses variants cancer. PBN, immunodeficiency, initial antigens triggered only reduced responses. Thus, subgroups could be identified for whom booster vaccinations are special significance.

Язык: Английский

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