Role of Microglia and Astrocytes in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Neuroinflammation to Ca2+ Homeostasis Dysregulation

Cells, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(17), С. 2728 - 2728

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide, with a complex, poorly understood pathogenesis. Cerebral atrophy, amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles represent main pathological hallmarks AD brain. Recently, neuroinflammation has been recognized as prominent feature brain substantial evidence suggests that inflammatory response modulates progression. Additionally, dysregulation calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis represents another early factor involved in pathogenesis, intracellular Ca2+ concentration essential to ensure proper cellular neuronal functions. Although growing supports involvement mechanisms neurodegeneration-related processes, scant data are available on its contribution microglia astrocytes functioning, both health throughout continuum. Nevertheless, AD-related aberrant signalling crucially underpinning neuroinflammatory processes that, turn, impact function. In this light, we attempted provide an overview current understanding interactions between glia cells-mediated responses molecular AD.

Язык: Английский

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Revolutionizing the Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease through Non-Invasive Biomarkers: The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning

Sensors, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 23(9), С. 4184 - 4184

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is now classified as a silent pandemic due to concerning current statistics and future predictions. Despite this, no effective treatment or accurate diagnosis currently exists. The negative impacts of invasive techniques the failure clinical trials have prompted shift in research towards non-invasive treatments. In light there growing need for early detection AD through approaches. abundance data generated by such blood component monitoring, imaging, wearable sensors, bio-sensors not only offers platform more reliable bio-marker developments but also significantly reduces patient pain, psychological impact, risk complications, cost. Nevertheless, are challenges computational analysis large quantities generated, which can provide crucial information AD. Hence, integration artificial intelligence deep learning critical addressing these challenges. This work attempts examine some facts situation approaches leveraging potential tools utilizing vast amount order revolutionize according principles new medicine era.

Язык: Английский

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Understanding neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease: challenges and advances in diagnosis and treatment

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17

Опубликована: Сен. 5, 2023

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) affect up to 97% of AD patients, with an estimated 80% current patients experiencing these symptoms. Common AD-associated NPS include depression, anxiety, agitation, aggression, and apathy. The severity is typically linked the disease's progression extent cognitive decline. Additionally, are responsible for a significant increase morbidity, mortality, caregiver burden, earlier nursing home placement, greater healthcare expenditure. Despite their high prevalence impact, there notable lack clinical research on AD. In this article, we explore analyze prevalence, symptom manifestations, challenges diagnosis, treatment options associated Our literature review reveals that distinguishing accurately diagnosing remains challenging task settings. It often difficult discern whether secondary pathophysiological changes from or comorbid psychiatric conditions. Furthermore, availability effective pharmaceutical interventions, as well non-pharmacotherapies AD, limited. By highlighting advance diagnosis NPS, aspire offer new insights into complexity identifying treating within context contribute deeper understanding multifaceted nature

Язык: Английский

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NF-κB Pathway and Its Inhibitors: A Promising Frontier in the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(9), С. 2587 - 2587

Опубликована: Сен. 21, 2023

The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway has emerged as a pivotal player in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurodegenerative illnesses like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). involvement NF-κB immune system responses, inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal survival highlights its significance AD progression. We discuss advantages inhibition, potential to mitigate neuroinflammation, modulate amyloid beta (Aβ) production, promote survival. However, we also acknowledge limitations challenges associated with this approach. Balancing fine line between dampening inflammation preserving physiological responses is critical avoid unintended consequences. This review combines current knowledge on pathway’s intricate pathogenesis, emphasizing therapeutic target. By evaluating both limitations, provide holistic view feasibility modulation treatment. As quest for effective therapies continues, an in-depth understanding multifaceted roles will guide development targeted interventions improve management.

Язык: Английский

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Oxidative Stress, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis in the Pathology of Alzheimer’s Disease

Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 82(2), С. 457 - 477

Опубликована: Март 12, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Quercetin-functionalized nanomaterials: Innovative therapeutic avenues for Alzheimer's disease management

Ageing Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 102665 - 102665

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Beyond Amyloid and Tau: The Critical Role of Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease Therapeutics

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(2), С. 279 - 279

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is traditionally viewed through the lens of amyloid cascade hypothesis, implicating amyloid-beta and tau protein aggregates as main pathological culprits. However, burgeoning research points to brain’s resident immune cells, microglia, critical players in AD pathogenesis, progression, potential therapeutic interventions. This review examines dynamic roles microglia within intricate framework AD. We detail involvement these cells neuroinflammation, explaining how their activation response fluctuations may influence trajectory. further elucidate complex relationship between pathology. study highlights dual nature which contribute both aggregation clearance protein. Moreover, an in-depth analysis interplay unveils significant, yet often overlooked, impact this interaction on neurodegeneration Shifting from conventional approaches, we assess current treatments primarily targeting introduce novel strategies that involve manipulating microglial functions. These innovative methods herald a paradigm shift management Finally, explore field precision diagnosis pursuit robust biomarkers. underline more profound comprehension biology could enrich essential areas, potentially paving way for accurate diagnostic tools tailored treatment strategies. In conclusion, expands perspective pathology treatment, drawing attention multifaceted microglia. As continue enhance our understanding microglial-focused interventions emerge promising frontier bolster arsenal fight against

Язык: Английский

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Unveiling the safety profile of lecanemab: A comprehensive analysis of adverse events using FDA adverse event reporting system data

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 12, 2025

Background Lecanemab, a novel monoclonal antibody targeting amyloid-β, has shown promise in treating Alzheimer's disease. Comprehensive post-marketing safety data analysis is crucial to understand its real-world risk profile. Objective This study aimed evaluate the profile of lecanemab using from FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), with focus on nervous system disorders and amyloid-related imaging abnormalities. Methods We conducted disproportionality FAERS database signals associated lecanemab. odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio, empirical Bayesian geometric mean, information component were calculated at both organ class (SOC) preferred term (PT) levels. Additionally, we performed time-to-onset Weibull shape parameter estimation. Results Analysis SOC level revealed significant for (ROR: 7.32, 95% CI: 6.69–8.00). At PT level, strong observed abnormalities, particularly those microhemorrhages oedema 4122.81 3922.78, respectively). Headache was most frequently reported adverse event (200 cases), followed by chills (107 cases) fatigue (97 cases). Time-to-onset showed median time 33 days (range: 1–1283) all events, neurological events occurring slightly later (median: 42 days, range: 1–1260). Conclusions Our findings highlight distinct lecanemab, predominant impact notable association These results underscore importance vigilant monitoring further research optimize risk-benefit clinical practice.

Язык: Английский

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Studying Alzheimer’s disease through an integrative serum metabolomic and lipoproteomic approach

Journal of Translational Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 23(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 27, 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. The great variability in evolution and incomplete understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying AD make it difficult to predict when a patient will convert from prodromal stage dementia. We hypothesize that metabolic alterations present at level brain could be reflected systemic blood serum patients, these used as prognostic biomarkers. This pilot study proposes investigation via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy consecutive series patients including 57 affected by dementia (AD-dem) 45 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due (MCI-AD). As control group, we considered 31 subjects whom other disorders were excluded (MCI). A panel 26 metabolites 112 lipoprotein-related parameters was quantified logistic LASSO regression algorithm employed identify optimal combination metabolites-lipoproteins their ratios discriminate groups interest. In training set, our model classified AD-dem MCI an accuracy 81.7%. These results reproduced validation set (accuracy 75.0%). Evolution MCI-AD evaluated over time. Patients who displayed decrease MMSE < 1.5 point per year lower progression rate: obtained division 18 rate (MCI-AD LR) 27 higher HR). calculated using 4 features identified LR HR 73.3%. identification potential novel peripheral biomarkers disease, proposed this study, opens new prospect for innovative minimally invasive method its very early stages. approach able sub-stratify identifying those associated faster clinical progression.

Язык: Английский

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Stress-Induced Depression and Alzheimer’s Disease: Focus on Astrocytes

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 23(9), С. 4999 - 4999

Опубликована: Апрель 30, 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases and depression are multifactorial disorders with a complex poorly understood physiopathology. Astrocytes play key role in the functioning of neurons norm pathology. Stress is an important factor for development brain disorders. Here, we review data on effects stress astrocyte function evidence involvement dysfunction Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Stressful life events risk depression; meanwhile, AD. Clinical indicate atrophic changes same areas brain, hippocampus prefrontal cortex (PFC), both pathologies. These regions regulating response most vulnerable to action glucocorticoids. PFC astrocytes critically involved depression. alters can result pyroptotic death not only neurons, but also astrocytes. BDNF-TrkB system plays normalizing response, appears be Astrocytes, being target glucocorticoids, promising treatment stress-dependent

Язык: Английский

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