Biosensors,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(2), С. 85 - 85
Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2025
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
a
prevalent
neurodegenerative
disorder
and
significant
cause
of
dementia
in
elderly
individuals,
with
growing
prevalence
our
aging
population.
Extracellular
amyloid-β
peptides
(Aβ),
intracellular
tau
proteins,
their
phosphorylated
forms
have
gained
prominence
as
critical
biomarkers
for
early
precise
diagnosis
AD,
correlating
progression
response
to
therapy.
The
high
costs
invasiveness
conventional
diagnostic
methods,
such
positron
emission
tomography
(PET)
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI),
limit
suitability
large-scale
or
routine
screening.
However,
electrochemical
(EC)
analysis
methods
made
progress
detection
due
sensitivity,
excellent
specificity,
portability,
cost-effectiveness.
This
article
reviews
the
EC
biosensing
technologies,
focusing
on
protein
blood
(a
low-invasive,
accessible
medium).
then
discusses
various
sensing
platforms,
including
fabrication
processes,
(LOD),
clinical
potential
show
role
these
sensors
transformers
changing
face
AD
diagnostics.
Antioxidants,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
14(2), С. 139 - 139
Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025
This
study
investigated
the
anti-amnesic
effects
of
Lactobacillus
gasseri
(L.
gasseri)
MG4247
and
Lacticaseibacillus
rhamnosus
rhamnosus)
MG4644
in
amyloid
beta
(Aβ)-induced
mice.
We
confirmed
that
oral
administration
L.
ameliorated
cognitive
impairment
Aβ-induced
mice
using
Y-maze,
passive
avoidance,
Morris
water
maze
tests.
Oral
protected
antioxidant
system
by
regulating
superoxide
dismutase
levels,
reduced
glutathione
malondialdehyde
contents.
Similarly,
they
attenuated
mitochondrial
function
decreasing
reactive
oxygen
species
levels
increasing
membrane
potential
ATP
levels.
In
addition,
regulated
neuroinflammation
neurotoxicity
modulating
Toll-like
receptor
4
(TLR4)/protein
kinase
B
(Akt)
pathway.
As
a
result,
enhanced
synaptic
acetylcholine
contents,
acetylcholinesterase
activity,
expression
synaptic-function-related
proteins
such
as
AChE,
ChAT,
SYP,
PSD-95,
GAP-43.
Furthermore,
improved
dysbiosis
promoting
growth
beneficial
bacteria
while
suppressing
harmful
bacteria.
Therefore,
these
results
suggest
may
be
used
probiotics
to
prevent
impairment.
ACS Omega,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
10(6), С. 5148 - 5171
Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2025
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
an
aging-related
irreversible
neurodegenerative
affecting
mostly
the
elderly
population.
The
main
pathological
features
of
AD
are
extracellular
Aβ
plaques
generated
by
APP
cleavage
through
amyloidogenic
pathway,
intracellular
neurofibrillary
tangles
(NFT)
resulting
from
hyperphosphorylated
tau
proteins,
and
cholinergic
neurodegeneration.
However,
actual
causes
unknown,
but
several
studies
suggest
hereditary
mutations
in
PSEN1
-2,
APOE4,
APP,
TAU
genes
major
perpetrators.
In
order
to
understand
etiology
pathogenesis
AD,
various
hypotheses
proposed.
These
include
following
hypotheses:
amyloid
accumulation,
tauopathy,
inflammation,
oxidative
stress,
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
glutamate/excitotoxicity,
deficiency,
gut
dysbiosis.
Currently
approved
therapeutic
interventions
donepezil,
galantamine,
rivastigmine,
which
cholinesterase
inhibitors
(ChEIs),
memantine,
N-methyl-d-aspartate
(NMDA)
antagonist.
treatment
strategies
focus
on
only
symptomatic
management
attenuating
symptoms
not
regeneration
neurons
or
clearance
Tau.
This
review
focuses
pathophysiology,
novel
targets,
disease-altering
treatments
such
as
α-secretase
modulators,
active
immunotherapy,
passive
natural
antioxidant
products,
nanomaterials,
antiamyloid
therapy,
aggregation
inhibitors,
transplantation
fecal
microbiota
stem
cells,
microtubule
stabilizers
that
clinical
trials
still
under
investigation.
Biosensors,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
15(2), С. 85 - 85
Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2025
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
a
prevalent
neurodegenerative
disorder
and
significant
cause
of
dementia
in
elderly
individuals,
with
growing
prevalence
our
aging
population.
Extracellular
amyloid-β
peptides
(Aβ),
intracellular
tau
proteins,
their
phosphorylated
forms
have
gained
prominence
as
critical
biomarkers
for
early
precise
diagnosis
AD,
correlating
progression
response
to
therapy.
The
high
costs
invasiveness
conventional
diagnostic
methods,
such
positron
emission
tomography
(PET)
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI),
limit
suitability
large-scale
or
routine
screening.
However,
electrochemical
(EC)
analysis
methods
made
progress
detection
due
sensitivity,
excellent
specificity,
portability,
cost-effectiveness.
This
article
reviews
the
EC
biosensing
technologies,
focusing
on
protein
blood
(a
low-invasive,
accessible
medium).
then
discusses
various
sensing
platforms,
including
fabrication
processes,
(LOD),
clinical
potential
show
role
these
sensors
transformers
changing
face
AD
diagnostics.
