COVID-19, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS, “long COVID”) and post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS, “post-COVIDvac-syndrome”): Similarities and differences

Pathology - Research and Practice, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 246, С. 154497 - 154497

Опубликована: Май 3, 2023

Worldwide there have been over 760 million confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, and 13 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses administered as of April 2023, according to the World Health Organization. An infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead an disease, i.e. COVID-19, but also a post-acute (PACS, "long COVID"). Currently, side effects vaccines are increasingly being noted studied. Here, we summarise currently available indications discuss our conclusions that (i) these specific similarities differences PACS, (ii) new term should be used refer (post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome, PCVS, colloquially "post-COVIDvac-syndrome"), (iii) is need distinguish between (ACVS) (PACVS) - in analogy PACS ("long Moreover, address mixed forms caused by natural SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We explain why it important for medical diagnosis, care research use terms (PCVS, ACVS PACVS) order avoid confusion misinterpretation underlying causes enable optimal therapy. do not recommend "Post-Vac-Syndrome" imprecise. The article serves current problem "medical gaslighting" relation PCVS raising awareness among professionals supplying appropriate terminology disease.

Язык: Английский

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Safety and immunogenicity of VLPCOV-02, a SARS-CoV-2 self-amplifying RNA vaccine with a modified base, 5-methylcytosine

iScience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 27(2), С. 108964 - 108964

Опубликована: Янв. 22, 2024

Continuing emergence of variants concern resulting in reduced SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy necessitates additional prevention strategies. The structure VLPCOV-01, a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated, self-amplifying RNA COVID-19 with comparable immune response to BNT162b2, was revised by incorporating modified base, 5-methylcytosine, reduce reactogenicity, and an updated receptor-binding domain derived from the Brazil (gamma) variant. Interim analyses phase 1 dose-escalation booster vaccination study construct, VLPCOV-02, healthy, previously vaccinated Japanese individuals (N = 96) are reported (jRCT2051230005). A dose-related increase solicited local systemic adverse events observed, which were generally rated mild or moderate. most commonly occurring tenderness, pain, fatigue, myalgia. Serum immunoglobulin titers increased during 4 weeks post-immunization. VLPCOV-02 demonstrated favorable safety profile compared fewer fever at equivalent dose. These findings support further VLPCOV-02.

Язык: Английский

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Antibody longevity and waning following COVID-19 vaccination in a 1-year longitudinal cohort in Bangladesh

Scientific Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Май 20, 2024

Abstract COVID-19 vaccines have been effective in preventing severe illness, hospitalization and death, however, the effectiveness diminishes with time. Here, we evaluated longevity of antibodies generated by COIVD-19 risk (re)infection Bangladeshi population. Adults receiving two doses AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Moderna or Sinopharm were enrolled at 2–4 weeks after second dosing followed-up 4-monthly interval for 1 year. Data on COVID-like symptoms, confirmed infection, co-morbidities, receipt booster dose collected; blood was collected measuring spike (S)- nucleocapsid (N)-specific antibodies. S-specific antibody titers reduced ~ 50% 1st follow-up visit continued to decline unless re-stimulated vaccine (re)infection. Individuals infected between visits showed significantly lower S-antibody preceding compared uninfected individuals. Pre-enrolment infection primary vaccination exhibited 60% protection against reinfection 5 9 months, respectively. mRNA provided highest odds from up months (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.08), persisted AstraZeneca recipients (OR 0.06). In conclusion, vaccine-mediated is partially linked elevated levels longest protection.

Язык: Английский

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A multi-city COVID-19 categorical forecasting model utilizing wastewater-based epidemiology

The Science of The Total Environment, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 960, С. 178172 - 178172

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted shortcomings in forecasting models, such as unreliable inputs/outputs and poor performance at critical points. As remains a threat, it is imperative to improve current approaches by incorporating reliable data alternative targets better inform decision-makers. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged viable method track transmission, offering more metric than reported cases for outcomes like hospitalizations. Recognizing the natural alignment of wastewater systems with city structures, ideal leveraging WBE data, this study introduces multi-city, wastewater-based model categorically predict Using hospitalization six US cities, accompanied other epidemiological variables, we develop Generalized Additive Model (GAM) generate two categorization types. Hospitaization Capacity Risk Categorization (HCR) predicts burden on healthcare system based number available hospital beds city. Hospitalization Rate Trend (HRT) trajectory growth rate these categorical thresholds, create probabilistic forecasts retrospectively risk trend category cities over 20-month period 1, 2, 3 week windows. We also propose new methodology measure change points, or time periods where sudden changes outbreak dynamics occurred. explore influence predictor hospitalizations, showing its inclusion positively impacts model's performance. With study, are able capacity disease trends novel useful way, giving decision-makers tool

Язык: Английский

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Longitudinal Follow‐Up of the Specific Antibody Response to SARS‐CoV‐2 Vaccination in Colombia

Journal of Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 97(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT A total of 5011 adult volunteers attending vaccination centers in different regions Colombia were enrolled a 1‐year prospective observational cohort study to evaluate the immunogenicity and effectiveness SARS‐CoV‐2‐based vaccines as part National Vaccine Program established contain COVID‐19 pandemic. Following informed consent, 5,011 participants underwent sociodemographic survey PCR testing assess SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Blood samples collected, serum fractions obtained from participant subsample ( n = 3441) at six‐time points virus‐specific IgG responses Spike protein, its Receptor Binding Domain, Nucleoprotein by ELISA. Additionally, antibody‐neutralizing activity was evaluated using cPass neutralization kit. Most (95.8%; 4802) received between one Ad26. COV2.S (Janssen vaccine) four vaccine doses BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech), AZD1222 (AstraZeneca), mRNA‐1273 (Moderna), CoronaVac (Sinovac), with some receiving combinations; small group, 4.2% 209), remained unvaccinated. Throughout study, only 8.76% 439) tested positive for PCR. Notably, all seroconverted antibodies, high seropositivity rates S (99.8%; 4795), RBD (99.7%; 1691), N (92.7%; 3072) proteins. Moreover, significant (92%–97%) neutralizing observed circulating variants. This highlights importance assessing duration response elicited infection, antibody potential surrogate marker protection. These findings provide important insight further strengthening strategies control COVID‐19.

Язык: Английский

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Molnupiravir for intra-household prevention of COVID-19: The MOVe-AHEAD randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Journal of Infection, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 87(5), С. 392 - 402

Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2023

•Phase 3 trial evaluating molnupiravir for post-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19. •About 84% the population had anti-SARS-CoV2 antibodies at baseline. •Day 14 COVID-19 rates (molnupiravir 6.5%, placebo 8.5%) were similar between arms. •Onset was mostly after end therapy in arm. •Molnupiravir well-tolerated but did not meet superiority criterion. Objectives To evaluate efficacy and safety intra-household (PEP) Methods MOVe-AHEAD a randomized, controlled, double-blind, phase comparing (800 mg twice daily 5 days) with placebo. Eligible participants adult, unvaccinated, asymptomatic household contacts patients laboratory-confirmed The primary endpoint incidence through day modified intention-to-treat (MITT) (those who received ≥1 dose study intervention) without detectable SARS-CoV-2 baseline, termed MITT-VN population. Superiority prespecified as stratified one-sided p-value <0.0249 treatment difference this endpoint. Results MITT comprised 763 randomized to 764 placebo; 83.6% anti-SARS-CoV-2 In population, 6.5% 8.5% (one-sided p-value: 0.0848). arm, 25/35 events (71%) occurred completion (versus 17/49 [35%] placebo). Adverse event low Conclusions Molnupiravir criterion, possibly influenced part by high pre-existing immunity

Язык: Английский

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A mosquito AgTRIO mRNA vaccine contributes to immunity against malaria

npj Vaccines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 8(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2023

Abstract Malaria begins when an infected mosquito injects saliva containing Plasmodium sporozoites into the skin of a vertebrate host. To prevent malaria, vaccination is most effective strategy and there urgent need for new strategies to enhance current pathogen-based vaccines. Active or passive immunization against protein, AgTRIO, contributes protection infection mice. In this study, we generated AgTRIO mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) assessed its potential usefulness as vaccine malaria. Immunization mice with mRNA-LNP robust humoral response, including IgG2a isotype antibodies that have been associated protection. immunized exposed berghei -infected mosquitoes had markedly reduced initial hepatic levels increased survival compared control addition, response waned over 6 months, additional bites boosted IgG titers, IgG1 isotypes, which offers unique advantage These data will aid in generation future malaria vaccines may include both pathogen vector antigens.

Язык: Английский

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Geographical and practical challenges in the implementation of digital health passports for cross-border COVID-19 pandemic management: a narrative review and framework for solutions

Globalization and Health, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 19(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 8, 2023

The rapid global spread of infectious diseases, epitomized by the recent COVID-19 pandemic, has highlighted critical need for effective cross-border pandemic management strategies. Digital health passports (DHPs), which securely store and facilitate sharing information, including vaccination records test results, have emerged as a promising solution to enable safe travel access essential services economic activities during pandemics. However, implementation DHPs faces several significant challenges, both related geographical disparities practical considerations, necessitating comprehensive approach successful adoption. In this narrative review article, we identify elaborate on barriers that hinder adoption utilization DHPs. Geographical are complex, encompassing in vaccine access, regulatory inconsistencies, differences across countries data security users' privacy policies, challenges interoperability standardization, inadequacies technological infrastructure limited digital technologies. Practical include possibility contraindications breakthrough infections, uncertainties surrounding natural immunity, limitations standard tests assessing infection risk. To address enhance functionality DHPs, propose framework emphasizes international collaboration achieve equitable vaccines testing resources. Furthermore, recommend cooperation establish unified frameworks, adopting globally accepted standards protection, implementing protocols, taking steps bridge divide. Addressing requires meticulous individual risk augmenting DHP with rigorous screenings personal prevention measures. Collectively, these initiatives contribute development robust inclusive strategies, ultimately promoting safer more interconnected community face current future

Язык: Английский

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Clinical and Preclinical Methods of Heat-Stabilization of Human Vaccines

Molecular Pharmaceutics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 21(3), С. 1015 - 1026

Опубликована: Янв. 30, 2024

Vaccines have historically faced challenges regarding stability, especially in regions lacking a robust cold chain infrastructure. This review delves into established and emergent techniques to improve the thermostability of vaccines. We discuss widely practiced lyophilization method, effectively transforming liquid vaccine formulations solid powdered state, enhancing storage transportation ability. However, potential protein denaturation during necessitates alternative stabilization methods. Cryoprotectants, namely, starch sugar molecules, shown promise protecting antigens adjuvants from augmenting stability biologics freeze-drying. Biomineralization, less studied yet innovative approach, utilizes inorganic or organic–inorganic hybrids encapsulate biological components vaccines with particular emphasis on metal–organic coordination polymers. Encapsulation organic matrices form particles microneedles also been context thermostability, showing some ability store outside cold-chain. Unfortunately, few these advanced clinical trials that evaluate differences conditions. Nonetheless, early suggest are viable emphasize need for more comprehensive studies. underscores pressing heat-stable vaccines, light increasing global distribution challenges. Combining traditional methods novel approaches holds future adaptability use.

Язык: Английский

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Project NextGen: Developing the Next Generation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccines and Therapeutics to Respond to the Present and Prepare for the Future

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 79(1), С. 115 - 121

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2024

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemiology and product landscapes have changed considerably since onset of the pandemic. Safe effective vaccines therapeutics are available, but continual emergence severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants introduce limitations in our ability to prevent treat disease. Project NextGen is a collaboration between Biomedical Advanced Research Development Authority, part Administration for Strategic Preparedness Response, National Institute Allergy Infectious Diseases, Institutes Health, that leveraging public–private partnerships address gaps nation's COVID-19 vaccine therapeutic capabilities. Targeted investments will advance promising next-generation candidates through most difficult phases clinical development encourage further private sector interest later stage commercial availability. New more durable across improve fight against transform response future threats.

Язык: Английский

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