Global declines in coral reef calcium carbonate production under ocean acidification and warming

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 118(21)

Опубликована: Май 10, 2021

Significance The growth of coral reefs is threatened by the dual stressors ocean warming and acidification. Despite a wealth studies assessing impacts climate change on individual taxa, projections their reef net carbonate production are limited. By projecting across 233 different locations, we demonstrate that majority will be unable to maintain positive globally year 2100 under representative concentration pathways RCP4.5 8.5, while even RCP2.6, suffer reduced accretion rates. Our results provide quantitative how influence whole ecosystem in all major basins.

Язык: Английский

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Upper environmental pCO2 drives sensitivity to ocean acidification in marine invertebrates

Nature Climate Change, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(2), С. 200 - 207

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Ocean acidification refugia in variable environments

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 25(10), С. 3201 - 3214

Опубликована: Июнь 14, 2019

Abstract Climate change refugia in the terrestrial biosphere are areas where species protected from global environmental and arise natural heterogeneity landscapes climate. Within marine realm, ocean acidification, or decline seawater pH, remains a pervasive threat to organisms ecosystems. Natural variability carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) chemistry, however, presents an opportunity identify acidification (OAR) for species. Here, we review literature examine impacts of variable CO chemistry on biological responses develop framework definitions criteria that connects current OAR research management goals. Under concept managing vulnerability, most likely mechanisms by which can mitigate reducing exposure harmful conditions enhancing adaptive capacity. While local options, such as OAR, show some promise, they present unique challenges, anthropogenic emissions must remain priority.

Язык: Английский

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Limitations of cross‐ and multigenerational plasticity for marine invertebrates faced with global climate change

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 26(1), С. 80 - 102

Опубликована: Окт. 31, 2019

Abstract Although cross generation (CGP) and multigenerational (MGP) plasticity have been identified as mechanisms of acclimation to global change, the weight evidence indicates that parental conditioning over generations is not a panacea rescue stress sensitivity in offspring. For many species, there were no benefits conditioning. Even when improved performance was observed, this waned time within or across fitness declined. CGP MGP studies resilient species with tolerant genotypes wild populations selected family lines. Several bivalves possess favourable tolerance phenotypically plastic traits potentially associated genetic adaptation life habitats where they routinely experience temperature and/or acidification stress. These will be important help ‘climate proof’ shellfish ventures. Species are naturally those broad range environmental conditions good candidates provide insights into physiological molecular involved MGP. It challenging conduct ecologically relevant change experiments long times commensurate pace changing climate. As result, present stressors shock‐type exposure at rates much faster than projected scenarios. With more gradual stressor introduction longer experimental durations context currently acclimatized adapted to, outcomes for sensitive might differ. We highlight importance understand primordial germ cell development timing gametogenesis respect exposure. appears limited universal tool face climate, natural proxies future (upwelling zones, CO 2 vents, warm habitats) show phenotypic adjustment beneficial selection possible some indicating complex plasticity–adaptation interactions.

Язык: Английский

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Ecological change in dynamic environments: Accounting for temporal environmental variability in studies of ocean change biology

Global Change Biology, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 26(1), С. 54 - 67

Опубликована: Ноя. 19, 2019

Abstract The environmental conditions in the ocean have long been considered relatively more stable through time compared to on land. Advances sensing technologies, however, are increasingly revealing substantial fluctuations abiotic factors over ecologically and evolutionarily relevant timescales ocean, leading a growing recognition of dynamism marine environment as well new questions about how this may influence species' vulnerability global change. In some instances, diurnal or seasonal variability major change drivers, such temperature, pH seawater carbonate chemistry, dissolved oxygen, can exceed changes expected with continued anthropogenic While biologists begun experimentally test mediates responses mean, extensive literature adaptations temporal their implications for evolutionary has not integrated into field. Here, we review physiological mechanisms underlying p CO 2 /pH (and other parameters), discuss what is known behavioral, plastic, strategies dealing variable environments. addition, exposure mean highlight key research needs biology.

Язык: Английский

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Taking the metabolic pulse of the world’s coral reefs

PLoS ONE, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 13(1), С. e0190872 - e0190872

Опубликована: Янв. 9, 2018

Worldwide, coral reef ecosystems are experiencing increasing pressure from a variety of anthropogenic perturbations including ocean warming and acidification, increased sedimentation, eutrophication, overfishing, which could shift reefs to condition net calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolution erosion. Herein, we determine the calcification potential relative balance organic carbon metabolism (net community production; NCP) inorganic calcification; NCC) within 23 locations across globe. In light these results, consider suitability using two metrics developed total alkalinity (TA) dissolved (DIC) measurements collected on different spatiotemporal scales monitor biogeochemistry under change. All in this study were calcifying for majority observations as inferred depletion offshore, although occasional occurred at most locations. However, with lower (i.e., TA depletion) towards sooner than higher potential. The percent influence fluxes changes NCP compared sum ranged 32% 88% reflected inherent biogeochemical differences between reefs. Reefs largest percentage experienced variability seawater pH given change DIC, is directly related ability elevate or suppress local open ocean. This work highlights value measuring chemistry when evaluating their susceptibility ongoing global environmental offers baseline guide future conservation efforts aimed preserving valuable ecosystems.

Язык: Английский

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Resistance of corals and coralline algae to ocean acidification: physiological control of calcification under natural pH variability

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 285(1884), С. 20181168 - 20181168

Опубликована: Авг. 8, 2018

Ocean acidification is a threat to the continued accretion of coral reefs, though some undergo daily fluctuations in pH exceeding declines predicted by 2100. We test whether exposure greater variability enhances resistance ocean for Goniopora sp. and coralline alga Hydrolithon reinboldii from two sites: one with low (less than 0.15 units daily; Shell Island) site high (up 1.4 Tallon Island). grew populations both species more 100 days under combination differing (high/low) means (ambient 8.05/ocean 7.65). Calcification rates were unaffected examined variables. H. significantly faster Island individuals, individuals calcified 8.05 treatment compared all others. Geochemical proxies carbonate chemistry within calcifying fluid (cf) indicated that only mean seawater influenced cf . treatments had no effect on Ω These limited responses extreme demonstrate taxa may be capable maintaining constant calcification actively modifying

Язык: Английский

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Coral environmental memory: causes, mechanisms, and consequences for future reefs

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 36(11), С. 1011 - 1023

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Increase in ocean acidity variability and extremes under increasing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>

Biogeosciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 17(18), С. 4633 - 4662

Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2020

Abstract. Ocean acidity extreme events are short-term periods of relatively high [H+] concentrations. The uptake anthropogenic CO2 emissions by the ocean is expected to lead more frequent and intense events, not only due changes in long-term mean but also variability. Here, we use daily output from a five-member ensemble simulation comprehensive Earth system model under low- high-CO2-emission scenarios quantify historical future events. When defining extremes relative fixed preindustrial baseline, projected increase causes entire surface reach near-permanent state 2030 both scenarios. shifting baseline (i.e., neglecting [H+]), because simulated variability; e.g., number days with extremely conditions factor 14 end 21st century scenario levels. Furthermore, duration individual triple, maximal intensity volume extent upper 200 m quintuple. Similar thermocline. Under low-emission scenario, increases extreme-event characteristics substantially reduced. At surface, variability mainly driven seasonality, whereas thermocline influenced interannual Increases arise predominantly sensitivity variations its drivers carbon, alkalinity, temperature) oceanic carbon. may enhance risk detrimental impacts on marine organisms, especially for those that adapted stable environment.

Язык: Английский

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Stress-resistant corals may not acclimatize to ocean warming but maintain heat tolerance under cooler temperatures

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 10(1)

Опубликована: Сен. 17, 2019

Abstract Naturally heat-resistant coral populations hold significant potential for facilitating reef survival under rapid climate change. However, it remains poorly understood whether they can acclimatize to ocean warming when superimposed on their already thermally-extreme habitats. Furthermore, is unknown maintain heat tolerance upon larval dispersal or translocation cooler reefs. We test this in a long-term mesocosm experiment using stress-resistant corals from reefs NW Australia. show that these have remarkable ability and health despite acclimation 3–6 °C cooler, more stable temperatures over 9 months. are unable increase bleaching thresholds after 6-months + 1 warming. This apparent rigidity the thermal of even highlights increasing vulnerability warming, but provides rationale human-assisted migration restore degraded with

Язык: Английский

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