International Journal of River Basin Management, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 12

Опубликована: Ноя. 14, 2023

The study focuses on the analysis of trace metals in drinking water from Ganderbal and Budgam districts Jammu Kashmir. We have used high-resolution inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) to measure concentrations 31 samples. measured were then compared with permissible limits set by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Bureau Indian Standards (BIS), World Health Organization (WHO). results indicate that arithmetic mean several elements, including aluminum (Al = 781), chromium (Cr 139), manganese (Mn 41.86), nickel (Ni 25.89), molybdenum (Mo 1.30), cadmium (Cd 36.86), mercury (Hg 67.65), µg l−1 found higher than their respective limits. On other hand, such as beryllium (Be 0.14), boron (B 32.72), iron (Fe 233), cobalt (Co 1.79), copper (Cu 10.71), arsenic (As 0.93), selenium (Se 3.13), strontium (Sr 257), zinc (Zn 43), antimony (Sb 1.44), barium (Ba 28.56), gold (Au 0.91), lead (Pb 0.91) l−1, had below recommended USEPA, BIS, WHO. To assess toxicity heavy area, we calculated Heavy Metal Toxicity Load (HMTL) for each metal. Based these calculations, concluded only (Cd) (Cr) need be removed ensure safety. also conducted a health risk assessment children adults based metals. considered ingestion dermal contact routes exposure. Hazard Index (HI), which indicates non-carcinogenic effects, exceeded unity one element, (Cd), adult groups. This suggests potential risks associated contact. Additionally, carcinogenic (As) was identified further attention. evaluated Pollution (HPI) overall quality area. HPI indicated good, pollution levels area low. Overall, findings this provide valuable information resource development supply agencies. can baseline future research monitoring efforts region.

Язык: Английский