Influence of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) viscosity on interlayer shear strength in screw extrusion additive manufacturing
Additive manufacturing,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
84, С. 104086 - 104086
Опубликована: Март 1, 2024
The
excellent
properties
of
polyether
ether
ketone
(PEEK)
have
made
it
applicable
for
high-performance
components
in
aerospace,
electrical,
chemical,
and
biomedical
industries.
Material
extrusion
(MEX)
additive
manufacturing
(AM)
PEEK
using
fused
filament
fabrication
(FFF)
predominantly
uses
modified
filament.
Fused
granulate
(FGF)
systems
conventionally
employ
injection
moulding
grades
which
are
not
specifically
formulated
MEX
AM.
There
is
a
limited
amount
research
on
the
use
these
AM
PEEK.
This
study
evaluated
different
viscosity
at
various
extruder
temperatures
to
optimise
interlayer
strength
therefore
determine
best
FGF.
Compression
shear
testing
(CST)
was
used
this
property
as
represents
mostly
loading
condition
i.e.,
without
bending,
compared
other
conventional
methods,
whilst
also
being
easier
fabricate.
crystallinity
corelated
differential
scanning
calorimetry
(DSC),
Raman
spectroscopy
X-ray
diffraction
(XRD).
highest
17.70±0.58
MPa
lowest
crystallisation
degree
29.7±1.3%
(Raman)
achieved
by
VESTAKEEP
L4000G
PEEK,
printed
temperature
(420°C).
grade
had
or
melt
volume-flow
rate
(MVR).
In
contrast
with
lower
MVR
grades,
high
L2000G,
higher
increase
bond
temperatures.
At
MVR,
found
decrease
from
33%
30%
increasing
temperatures,
along
an
melting
temperature.
behaviour
attributed
change
crystalline
morphology
possibly
caused
long
residence
time
processing
Язык: Английский
Exploring the dynamic mechanical properties of fused filament fabrication printed polyetheretherketone with various infill patterns
Progress in Additive Manufacturing,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2024
Язык: Английский
Screw material extrusion of super soft thermoplastic elastomer for additive manufacturing of inflatables
Virtual and Physical Prototyping,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
20(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2025
This
study
managed
to
successfully
3D
print
inflatables
using
32
Shore
00
soft
thermoplastic
elastomer
(TPE),
granules.
TPE
is
softer
than
any
previously
printed
in
literature
and
was
achieved
by
an
in-house
developed,
desktop
screw
extruder.
The
first
step
involved
characterising
the
various
techniques
determine
optimal
printing
parameters
material
handling
conditions.
second
dealt
with
extruder
calibration
for
then
production
of
tensile
specimens
XY
Z
orientations.
A
maximum
strain
without
failure
3365%
at
orientation
310°C.
In
contrast,
highest
recorded
290°C
reaching
2330
±
139%
failure.
Finally,
system
used
cubic
hexagonal
prisms
different
sizes,
each
inflated
till
Video
procedural
analysis
inflation
process
determined
that
highest,
biaxial
reached
590%.
These
results
enable
development
innovative
elastic
inflatable
actuator
(EIA)
pick
place
fragile
objects
soft,
lightly
pressurised
inflatables.
conclusion,
a
method
prototyping
general
fabrication
large
expansion
AM
has
been
established.
Язык: Английский
Screw Extrusion Fused Granulate Fabrication: Trends, Materials, Extruder Classification and Future Development
Polymer,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown, С. 128459 - 128459
Опубликована: Май 1, 2025
Язык: Английский
State-of-the-art of poly(ether ether ketone) matrix reinforced with nanocarbons (carbon nanotube/carbon black) and carbon fibers—promising design, physical attributes and futuristic opportunities
Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Май 21, 2025
This
state-of-the-art
overview
highlights
technical
worth
of
a
high-tech
engineering
thermoplastic
polymer,
poly(ether
ether
ketone),
and
its
hybrids
with
carbonaceous
nanoreinforcements
carbon
fibers.
Accordingly,
literature
up
till
now
reports
on
different
categories
multifunctional
ketone)/carbon
nanotube,
black,
fiber
materials.
These
composites/nanocomposites
have
been
fabricated
through
various
techniques
including
solution
processing,
melt
casting,
prepreg
method,
injection/compression
molding,
three
dimensional
printing,
other
efficient
strategies.
Adding
nanofiller/filler
revealed
significant
enhancements
in
morphological
profiles,
heat
stability,
mechanical
features,
electrical
conductivity,
biological
properties
ketone).
In
the
case
composites,
interfacial
compatibility
superior
physical
performance
achieved
sizing
fibers
(using
nanocarbon
nanoparticles
or
polymers).
Subsequently,
modification
nanoparticles,
fiber,
ketone)
backbone
led
to
technically
high
end
applications
for
aerospace,
fuel
cells,
bone
implants.
Nevertheless,
further
research
regarding
design/structural
optimization,
structure-property
relationships,
property
enhancement
mechanisms
ketone)/nanocarbons
seems
indispensable
unlock
myriad
future
industrial
opportunities,
ranging
from
space/defense—to—energy—to—biomedical
sectors.
Язык: Английский
Fused granulate fabrication of injection molding inserts from high-performance ULTEM 9085™ thermoplastic for cosmetic packaging industry
Progress in Additive Manufacturing,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9(5), С. 1381 - 1392
Опубликована: Май 1, 2024
Abstract
RTIM
refers
to
the
integration
of
rapid
tooling
(RT)
using
additive
manufacturing
(AM)
with
injection
molding
(IM).
Due
use
raw
material
(pellet),
screw
extrusion,
fused
granulate
fabrication
(FGF)
allows
for
a
cost-effective
and
versatile
production
inserts
especially
compared
other
extrusion
(MEX)
AM
processes,
such
as
filament
(FFF).
This
study
3D
printed
out
high-performance
thermoplastic
polyetherimide
(PEI)
(ULTEM
9085)
in
granular
form,
an
in-house
developed
FGF
system.
A
cosmetic
compact
was
used
case
part
simplified
design.
dynamic
mechanical
analysis
(DMA)
conducted
on
ULTEM
9085
demonstrated
that
strength
is
sustained
up
140
°C,
which
suits
polypropylene
(PP).
Optical
profilometry
when
0.4
mm
nozzle,
flat
surfaces
produced
had
microscopic
gaps
larger
than
10
–1
mm.
These
are
sufficiently
large
so
melt
low
viscosity
polymer
able
flow
through,
leads
undesired
flash.
The
IM
experiments
confirmed
were
capable
producing
PP
parts
but
predicted
Simulated
deflection
differed
both
geometry
magnitude
from
actual
measured
by
optical
profilometry.
total
36
prototype
before
failed
due
poor
inter-layer
bond
strength.
deemed
suitable
production.
Improving
decreasing
complexity
could
increase
number
produced.
Язык: Английский
Screw extrusion additive manufacturing of thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer
Progress in Additive Manufacturing,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2024
Abstract
This
study
determined
the
requisite
process
parameters
for
good-quality
screw
extrusion
additive
manufacturing
(AM)
of
thermoplastic
polyolefin
(TPO)
using
fused
granulate
fabrication
(FGF).
TPO
is
a
non-hygroscopic,
cheaper,
and
less
dense
alternative
to
well-established
polyurethane
(TPU).
was
found
extrude
correctly
at
170
°C,
on
glass
build
plate
80
°C
with
Magigoo
PP
adhesive.
A
water
uptake
test
reported
mass
gain
plateau
0.25%,
which
significantly
lower
than
that
TPU,
suggests
may
not
require
drying
before
3D
printing.
Tensile
testing
FGF
specimens
achieved
similar
stress
yield
as
well
strain
break
indicated
by
data
sheet
XY
YZ
orientations.
The
Z
direction
weaker
X
Y
orientations,
reaching
only
30%
break.
best
average
6.36
MPa
0.4
mm
nozzle
printing
orientation
13.8
1300%
1
nozzle.
setup
relatively
high-quality
prints
complex
geometries,
including
popular
torture-test
Benchy
child-sized
orthotic
insole.
Язык: Английский