Abstract
All‐hydrogel
supercapacitors
are
emerging
as
promising
power
sources
for
next‐generation
wearable
electronics
due
to
their
intrinsic
mechanical
flexibility,
eco‐friendliness,
and
enhanced
safety.
However,
the
insufficient
interfacial
adhesion
between
electrode
electrolyte
frozen
hydrogel
matrices
at
subzero
temperatures
largely
limit
practical
applications
of
all‐hydrogel
supercapacitors.
Here,
an
supercapacitor
is
reported
with
robust
contact
anti‐freezing
property,
fabricated
by
in
situ
polymerizing
onto
electrodes.
The
developed
synergistic
effect
a
tough
matrix
topological
entanglements.
Meanwhile,
incorporation
zinc
chloride
(ZnCl
2
)
prevents
freezing
water
solvents
endows
flexibility
fatigue
resistance
across
wide
temperature
range
20
°C
–60
°C.
Such
demonstrates
satisfactory
low‐temperature
electrochemical
performance,
delivering
high
energy
density
11
mWh
cm
−2
excellent
cycling
stability
capacitance
retention
90%
over
10000
cycles
−40
Notably,
can
endure
dynamic
deformations
operate
well
under
2000
tension
even
°C,
without
experiencing
delamination
failure.
This
work
offers
strategy
flexible
storage
devices
adaptability.
Advanced Materials,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
35(42)
Опубликована: Март 1, 2023
Abstract
Conductive
gels
are
developing
vigorously
as
superior
wearable
sensing
materials
due
to
their
intrinsic
conductivity,
softness,
stretchability,
and
biocompatibility,
showing
a
great
potential
in
many
aspects
of
lives.
However,
compared
wide
application
on
land,
it
is
significant
yet
rather
challenging
for
traditional
conductive
realize
under
water.
The
swelling
the
loss
components
aqueous
environment,
resulted
from
diffusion
across
interface,
lead
structural
instability
performance
decline.
Fortunately,
efforts
devoted
improving
water
resistance
employing
them
field
underwater
recent
years,
some
exciting
achievements
obtained,
which
significance
promoting
safety
efficiency
activities.
there
no
review
thoroughly
summarize
gels.
This
presents
brief
overview
representative
design
strategies
water‐resistant
diversified
applications
sensors.
Finally,
ongoing
challenges
further
also
discussed
along
with
recommendations
future.
Conductive
hydrogels
exhibit
high
potential
in
the
fields
of
wearable
sensors,
healthcare
monitoring,
and
e-skins.
However,
it
remains
a
huge
challenge
to
integrate
elasticity,
low
hysteresis,
excellent
stretch-ability
physical
crosslinking
hydrogels.
This
study
reports
synthesis
polyacrylamide
(PAM)-3-(trimethoxysilyl)
propyl
methacrylate-grafted
super
arborized
silica
nanoparticle
(TSASN)-lithium
chloride
(LiCl)
hydrogel
sensors
with
electrical
conductivity.
The
introduction
TSASN
enhances
mechanical
strength
reversible
resilience
PAM-TSASN-LiCl
by
chain
entanglement
interfacial
chemical
bonding,
provides
stress-transfer
centers
for
external-force
diffusion.
These
show
outstanding
(a
tensile
stress
80-120
kPa,
elongation
at
break
900-1400%,
dissipated
energy
0.8-9.6
kJ
m
Journal of Polymer Science,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
62(20), С. 4599 - 4611
Опубликована: Июль 19, 2024
Abstract
As
a
soft
material
with
biocompatibility
and
stimulation
response,
ionic
conductive
hydrogel‐based
wearable
strain
sensors
show
great
potential
across
wide
spectrum
of
engineering
disciplines,
but
their
mechanical
toughness
is
limited
in
practical
applications.
In
this
study,
freeze‐thawing
techniques
were
utilized
to
fabricate
double‐network
hydrogels
poly(vinyl
alcohol)/polyacrylamide
(PVA/PAM)
both
covalent
physical
cross‐linking
networks.
These
demonstrate
excellent
performance,
an
elongation
at
break
2253%
tensile
strength
268.2
kPa.
Simultaneously,
they
also
display
high
sensitivity
(Gage
factor,
GF
=
2.32
0%–200%
strain),
achieve
rapid
response
time
368
ms
without
the
addition
extra
fillers
or
ions,
stable
signal
transmission
even
after
multiple
cycles,
fast
human
motion
detection.
