Agronomy, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(11), С. 2693 - 2693
Опубликована: Ноя. 15, 2024
Biochar amendment and substituting chemical fertilizers with organic manure (organic substitution) have been widely reported to improve intensive vegetable production. However, considering its high potential for reducing carbon reactive nitrogen (Nr) footprints, very few comprehensive evaluations performed on the environmental economic aspects of biochar or substitution. In this study, damage costs from Nr measured using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, followed a cradle-to-gate approach, storage benefits were incorporated into newly constructed net ecosystem benefit (NEEB) frame in addition conventional product income–input cost-benefit methods. One kilogram harvested vegetables carbon/Nr footprints one hectare cultivated land per crop cost adopted as functional units multi-cropping characteristics Five fertilization treatments included: no fertilizer (CK); synthetic application (SN); (NB); substitution (NM); combination (NMB). These investigated five consecutive years rotations typically intensified production region China. Adopting revised NEEB NB significantly reduced footprint by 73.0% compared treatment. Meanwhile, increased total 9.7% damages 52.7% NM, generating highest NEEB, making it most effective strategy among all treatments. It was 4.3% higher which not significant, but than SN NMB, 23.0% 13.6%, respectively. This finding highlights importance properly assessing is important developing agricultural management strategies promoting more sustainable approach.
Язык: Английский
