Nanomaterial by Sol‐Gel Method: Synthesis and Application

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 2021(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

The sol‐gel process is a more chemical method (wet method) for the synthesis of various nanostructures, especially metal oxide nanoparticles. In this method, molecular precursor (usually alkoxide) dissolved in water or alcohol and converted to gel by heating stirring hydrolysis/alcoholysis. Since obtained from hydrolysis/alcoholysis wet damp, it should be dried using appropriate methods depending on desired properties application gel. For example, if an alcoholic solution, drying done burning alcohol. After stage, produced gels are powdered then calcined. cost‐effective due low reaction temperature there good control over composition products. can used making ceramics as molding material intermediate between thin films oxides applications. materials optical, electronic, energy, surface engineering, biosensors, pharmaceutical separation technologies (such chromatography). conventional industrial nanoparticles with different composition. basis production homogeneous sol precursors its conversion into solvent removed structure remaining dried. depend significantly method. other words, “removing method” selected according which will used. Dried ways industries such coating, building insulation, special clothing. It worth mentioning that, grinding mills, possible achieve

Язык: Английский

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A review on carbon fiber-reinforced hierarchical composites: mechanical performance, manufacturing process, structural applications and allied challenges

Carbon letters, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 32(5), С. 1173 - 1205

Опубликована: Июнь 7, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Synthesis and Stability of Magnetic Nanoparticles

BioNanoScience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(2), С. 627 - 638

Опубликована: Фев. 4, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Novel approaches towards design of metal oxide based hetero-structures for room temperature gas sensor and its sensing mechanism: A recent progress

Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 941, С. 168943 - 168943

Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Carbon dynamics in agricultural greenhouse gas emissions and removals: a comprehensive review

Carbon letters, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 34(1), С. 265 - 289

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Metal organic framework-derived carbon nanomaterials and MOF hybrids for chemical sensing

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 170, С. 117425 - 117425

Опубликована: Ноя. 10, 2023

Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have attracted widespread attention in different fields due to their superior capabilities terms of adsorption, enhanced oxidation, and photocatalysis. CNMs are safer more eco-friendly than organic compounds, which could explain the growing interest developing new chemosensors using CNMs. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) been widely used many applications regular network structure, adaptable morphology, porous nature, large specific surface area. However, most MOFs unstable aqueous solutions self-decomposition, limits chemical sensing. Several attempts reported increase stability water-based matrices through modifications stable entities such as via MOF hybridization or carbonization. hybrids retain original shape depends on type, while MOF-derived undergo drastic changes structure. This review discusses recent trends MOF-hybrids Hybridization graphene, carbon fibers, nanotubes quantum dots described with emphasis role chemosensors.

Язык: Английский

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Direct sunlight photodegradation of congo red in aqueous solution by TiO2/rGO binary system: Experimental and DFT study

Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(8), С. 104992 - 104992

Опубликована: Май 16, 2023

Photolysis was employed to produce titanium dioxide (TiO2) with exposed (0 0 1) facets, which were then modified by incorporating reduce graphene oxide (rGO) sheets at (1, 3 and 5) wt.%.The chemical composition, optical properties, morphology, electrochemical behavior of both the pure composite nanomaterials analyzed. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) Raman spectroscopy techniques confirmed formation anatase phase TiO2 in samples. Debye Scherrer method utilized estimate size particles. It observed that particle decreased as concentration rGO increased; 5 wt% rGO, 11 nm. morphology rGO/TiO2 nanocomposite analyzed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed nanoparticles dispersed on surface sheets. analysis photoelectron spectrum (XPS) revealed bonding occurred through Ti-C Ti-O-C bonds. results obtained from diffuse reflectance (DRS) a decrease band gap upon an increase concentration. Moreover, confirmation regarding reduction recombination carriers photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. indicated prepared had high number oxygen vacancies. photodegradation mechanism congo red dye under sunlight studied Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-Mass) scavenger effect. (CR) utilizing TiO2, incorporated normal conditions presence sunlight. study optimal condition for achieving maximum CR pH = 7, 100 min, 50 ppm initial 10 mg catalyst dosage. data illustrated doped exhibits higher efficiency than other 3; 1 TiO2. Finally, improving breakdown using direct without leaving behind any secondary intermediates.

Язык: Английский

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Adsorption of heavy metal ions use chitosan/graphene nanocomposites: A review study

Results in Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7, С. 101332 - 101332

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

The emission of heavy metals in the environment has caused many problems world due to industrialization society and expansion urbanization. Environmental pollution, including greenhouse gases water-soluble toxic pollutants, is a major concern around world. One most important issues protecting health humans, animals plants cleanliness water. Water substance vital for all living things on planet. can be treated several ways, such as desalination, purification, osmosis, disinfection, deposition contaminants. Among these methods, adsorption method advantages over other methods. surface phenomenon during which contaminants are adsorbed adsorbent with physical forces depends factors temperature, pH, concentration contaminants, time phase contact particle size temperature nature pollutants adsorption. Chitosan received widespread attention an because its low cost great potentials. abundant hydroxyl amino groups that bind metal ions. However, it defects sensitivity thermal stability, mechanical strength, limit application chitosan wastewater treatment. functional modified improve performance via crosslinking graft modification. porosity specific area powder form not ideal, therefore, modification been attempted generate nanoparticles hydrogel. also integrated materials (e.g. graphene, zeolite) resulting composite improved performance. This review mainly focuses reports about derivatives remove different metals. preparation strategy, mechanism, affecting adsorbents each type discussed detail. Recent organic (dyes phenol) removal by briefly discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Synthesis and Modification of Nanoparticles with Ionic Liquids: a Review

BioNanoScience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(2), С. 760 - 783

Опубликована: Март 2, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Biogas: Production, properties, applications, economic and challenges: A review

Results in Chemistry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 7, С. 101549 - 101549

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Biogas is obtained from the breakdown of biomass by microorganisms and bacteria in absence oxygen. considered a renewable source energy, similar to solar energy wind energy. can be produced or bio-waste; thus, it environmentally friendly. suspended monoxide decomposition process anaerobic fermentation decomposable materials such as agricultural manure, sewage, municipal waste, green waste (gardens parks), plant material products. natural that leaves effective effects on nature industries. This gas organic materials, including animal food sewage. Fertilizers produce biogas through digestion (ie without presence oxygen). mixture gases generated decaying biodegradable Its main contents are 50–70 % methane (CH4) volume, 30–50 carbon dioxide (CO2), traces other gases, like hydrogen sulfide (H2S) water vapor (H2O). CO2, H2S, content may affect performance life conversion devices; consequently, their removal before end-use essential for improving quality biogas. combination an ideal option making The most important advantages (production reduction amount discarded pathogens, containing matter into high fertilizer, protection vegetation, soil, water, increasing productivity field livestock agriculture) It also one disadvantages (incomplete small technologies, impurities, effect temperature production, unsuitable urban dense areas, not affordable). For economical use biogas, carried out under controlled conditions relatively simple device called reservoir. review summarizes current state-of-the-art presents future perspectives related production. Moreover, historical retrospective sector early years its development till recent advancements give outlook opportunities opening up optimization.

Язык: Английский

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