A brief review on models for birds exposed to chemicals
Abstract
“A
Who’s
Who
of
pesticides
is
therefore
concern
to
us
all.
If
we
are
going
live
so
intimately
with
these
chemicals
eating
and
drinking
them,
taking
them
into
the
very
marrow
our
bones
-
had
better
know
something
about
their
nature
power.”
—
Rachel
Carson,
Silent
Spring.
In
her
day,
Carson
was
right:
plant
protection
products
(PPP)
like
all
other
chemical
substances
that
humans
increasingly
release
environment
without
further
precaution,
among
worst
enemies
today
(Bruhl
Zaller,
2019;
Naidu
et
al,
2021;
Tang
Topping
2020).
All
compartments
biosphere,
air,
soil
water,
potential
reservoirs
within
which
species
there
impaired.
Birds
particularly
concerned:
PPP
recognized
as
a
factor
in
decline
abundance
diversity
predominantly
agricultural
landscapes.
Due
restrictions
on
vertebrates
testing,
silico
based
approaches
an
ideal
choice
alternative
given
input
data
available.
This
where
problem
lies
will
illustrate
this
paper.
We
performed
extensive
literature
search
covering
long
period
time,
wide
bird
species,
large
range
many
model
types
possible
encompass
future
need
improve
environmental
risk
assessment
for
birds.
end,
show
poultry
exposed
most
studied
at
individual
level
physiologically
toxicokinetic
models.
To
go
beyond,
more
types,
over
several
levels
biological
organization,
observed
crucially
missing
(Gilbert,
2011).
As
consequence,
improving
existing
models
or
developing
new
ones
could
be
climbing
Everest
if
no
additional
can
gathered,
especially
effects
toxicodynamic
aspects.

Research Square (Research Square), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown
Опубликована: Май 11, 2023
Язык: Английский