Consequences of adolescent drug use

Translational Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 6, 2023

Abstract Substance use in adolescence is a known risk factor for the development of neuropsychiatric and substance disorders adulthood. This part due to fact that critical aspects brain occur during adolescence, which can be altered by drug use. Despite concerted efforts educate youth about potential negative consequences use, initiation remains common amongst adolescents world-wide. Additionally, though there has been substantial research on topic, many questions remain predictors adolescent In following review, we will highlight some most recent literature neurobiological behavioral effects rodents, non-human primates, humans, with specific focus alcohol, cannabis, nicotine, interactions between these substances. Overall, consumption substances produce long-lasting changes across variety structures networks have enduring behavior, emotion, cognition.

Язык: Английский

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Primary Substance Use Prevention Programs for Children and Youth: A Systematic Review

PEDIATRICS, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 146(3)

Опубликована: Авг. 7, 2020

An updated synthesis of research on substance abuse prevention programs can promote enhanced uptake with proven effectiveness, particularly when paired information relevant to practitioners and policy makers.To assess the strength scientific evidence for psychoactive school-aged children youth.A systematic review was conducted studies published up until March 31, 2020.Articles youth were independently screened included if they met eligibility criteria: (1) program designed a general population (ie, not particular target groups), (2) delivered population, (3) only targeted youth, (4) study control group.Two reviewers evaluated quality extracted outcome data.Ninety criteria, representing 16 programs. Programs largest combined sample sizes Drug Abuse Resistance Education, Project Adolescent Learning Experiences Training, Life Skills Training (LST), Alcohol Prevention Trial, Choice.Given heterogeneity outcomes measured in studies, it possible conduct statistical meta-analysis effectiveness.The most has been LST program. However, as other this review, effectiveness varied quality. With we provide an summary primary effectiveness.

Язык: Английский

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Prevalence and correlates of youth poly-substance use in the COMPASS study

Addictive Behaviors, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 107, С. 106400 - 106400

Опубликована: Март 18, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Digital interventions for substance use disorders in young people: rapid review

Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2023

Abstract Background Young people are disproportionately more likely than other age groups to use substances. The rise in substance and related harms, including overdose, during the Covid-19 pandemic has created a critical need for innovative accessible interventions. Digital interventions have shown effectiveness can provide engaging, less stigmatizing, that meet needs of young people. This review provides an overview recent literature on nature recently published digital terms technologies used, substances targeted, intended outcomes theoretical or therapeutic models employed. Methods Rapid methodology was used identify assess An initial keyword search conducted using MEDLINE, Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, Abstracts Reviews Effects (DARE), Health Technology Assessment (HTA) PROSPERO years 2015–2020, later updated December 2021. Following title/abstract full-text screening articles, consensus decision study inclusion, data extraction process proceeded grid developed study. Data synthesis relied adapted conceptual framework by Stockings, et al. involved three-level treatment spectrum youth (prevention, early intervention, treatment) any type substance. Results In total, identified 43 articles describing 39 different Most were ( n = 28), followed prevention 6) 5). included web-based 14), game-based 10), mobile-based 7), computer-based 5) technologies, virtual reality 3). targeted alcohol 20) tobacco/nicotine 5), cannabis 2), opioids ketamine 1) multiple, 9). personalized normative feedback approach aimed effect behaviour change as outcome. Interestingly, harm reduction guided only one Conclusions While represented most common technology, immersive interactive such call further exploration. focused mainly use, reflecting concern tobacco, cannabis, co-occurring illicit drug use. Specifically, exacerbation opioid crisis throughout North American underlines urgent prevention-oriented uptake among also depends incorporation approaches.

Язык: Английский

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Association of E-cigarettes with adolescent alcohol use and binge drinking-drunkenness: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 46(6), С. 684 - 698

Опубликована: Авг. 14, 2020

Background: E-cigarette (ECIG) use has increased substantially in the past decade. Co-use of alcohol and ECIGS may have serious consequences adolescents.Objectives: To evaluate association e-cigarettes (ECIGs) with adolescents.Methods: Searched databases included PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web Science, gray literature. Studies were if they contained a non-E-cigarette group (NON-ECIG), an ECIG group, detailed rates use, binge drinking, or drunkenness adolescents. Two independent reviewers extracted data using MOOSE guidelines. Evidence quality across studies was assessed Cochrane GRADE methodology. Summary effects vs. NON-ECIG on any composite drinking/drunkenness calculated random-effects model.Results: 28 3768 initially identified included: 25 cross-sectional, 3 cohort studies, N = 458,357 total subjects (49.6% females). Pooling showed that users had higher risk for compared to (Odds Ratio/OR 6.62, 95% confidence interval/CI 5.67–7.72) rate (OR 6.73, CI 4.5 − 10.07). The subset high school 8.17, 5.95–11.2) 7.98, 5.98–10.63) users.Conclusion: users. Our findings indicate interventions reduce should be coupled measures adolescents.Abbreviations: ECIG: e-cigarettes; NON-ECIG: non

Язык: Английский

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A Scoping Review of Gender, Sex and Sexuality Differences in Polysubstance Use in Adolescents and Adults

Alcohol and Alcoholism, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 57(3), С. 292 - 321

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2022

Polysubstance use is a common, problematic behavior that increases risk of harm to self and others. Research suggests rates may vary based on gender, sex sexuality. Understanding the current state this literature inform prevention treatment polysubstance use, leading reduced public health burden. This review aimed synthesize research sexuality differences in adults adolescents. A scoping was conducted using all EBSCO databases, PubMed Google Scholar identify articles examining effects use. defined broadly as any combination substances over time period included licit (alcohol, tobacco) illicit substances, concurrent simultaneous from lifetime daily at frequency. Studies were considered if they published peer-reviewed journals between January 1990 October 2020 written English. Publicly available data sources also utilized fully capture prevalence has not been elsewhere. Findings mostly inconsistent often conflicting. Only two findings generally consistent: adult men overall more likely report than women, sexual gender minorities frequent non-minorities. unable clearly elucidate patterns according Several recommendations are offered advance future address limitations research.

Язык: Английский

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A qualitative study exploring how young people perceive and experience substance use services in British Columbia, Canada

Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Май 28, 2022

Abstract Background Substance use among youth (ages 12–24) is troublesome given the increasing risk of harms associated. Even more so, substance services are largely underutilized youth, most only accessing support when in crisis. Few studies have explored young people’s help-seeking behaviours to address concerns. To this gap, study how perceive and experience British Columbia (BC), Canada. Methods Participatory action research methods were used by partnering with BC (under age 30) from across province who lived and/or living co-design protocol materials. An initial focus group interviews held 30 use, including alcohol, cannabis, illicit substances. The discussions audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, analyzed thematically using a data-driven approach. Results Three main themes identified separated phase service interaction, starting with: Prevention/Early intervention , where described feeling unworthy support; Service accessibility encountered many barriers finding relevant information; delivery highlighted importance meeting them they at, supporting those milder treatment needs do not meet diagnosis criteria disorder. Conclusions Our results suggest clear need prioritize prevention early interventions specifically targeting adults. Youth peers should be involved co-designing co-delivering such programs ensure their relevance credibility youth. current disease model care leaves population unmet, calling for integrated youth-centred approach multifarious concerns linked outcomes experiences.

Язык: Английский

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Substance Use Disorders

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 193 - 217

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2025

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Examining the impact of the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic period on youth cannabis use: adjusted annual changes between the pre-COVID and initial COVID-lockdown waves of the COMPASS study

BMC Public Health, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 21(1)

Опубликована: Июнь 21, 2021

Abstract Background Given the high rates of cannabis use among Canadian youth and that adolescence is a critical period for trajectories, purpose this paper was to examine effect early stages COVID-19 pandemic on in context natural experiment. We used 3-year linked data from COMPASS study, including 7653 (Quebec, Ontario) adolescents which 1937 completed all 3 survey waves (pre-COVID-19 [2018, 2019] online [2020] during [May–July 2020]). Structural equation modeling (SEM) double difference (DD) models were estimate pre-COVID-19 initial change (2019–2020) (monthly, weekly, daily) compared 2018 2019 adjust age-related effects. Models adjusted age entry into cohort sociodemographic characteristics. Results In SEM DD models, monthly, daily increased across waves; however, expected increases wave (2019) (2020) lesser relative changes seen waves. The cross-sectional May July 2020 identified majority who did not report due or using cope with COVID-19. Conclusion During period, there does appear be detrimental use, when changes. Further prospective research needed explore impact ongoing response onset progression.

Язык: Английский

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Dynorphinergic lateral hypothalamus to posterior ventral tegmental area pathway matures after adolescence in male rats

Neuropharmacology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 110350 - 110350

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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