Oxidative Stress-Related Mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 Infections

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 2022, С. 1 - 15

Опубликована: Март 8, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic caused relatively high mortality in patients, especially those with concomitant diseases (i.e., diabetes, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)). In most of aforementioned comorbidities, the oxidative stress appears to be an important player their pathogenesis. direct cause death critically ill patients is still far from being elucidated. Although some preliminary data suggests that lung vasculature injury loss functioning part alveolar population are crucial, precise mechanism unclear. On other hand, at least two classes medications used clinical benefits treatment seem have a major influence on ROS (reactive oxygen species) RNS nitrogen production. However, one mechanisms antiviral immune response innate immunity. Therefore, it would interest summarize regarding severe COVID-19. this review, we discuss role antioxidant based available studies. We also present viral infections humans animal models. reactive species play response, situations, they might deleterious effect, e.g., coronaviral infections. understanding redox may impact its treatment.

Язык: Английский

---

Trends in Daily Cigarette Consumption Among Smokers: A Population Study in England, 2008–2023

Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 2, 2024

Abstract Introduction This study aimed to estimate time trends in cigarette consumption among smokers England between 2008 and 2023 explore differences by key potential moderators. Aims Methods We used data from 57 778 adult participating a nationally representative monthly cross-sectional survey January September 2023. estimated mean daily of (1) any, (2) manufactured, (3) hand-rolled cigarettes all main type smoked, smoking frequency, age, gender, occupational social grade, region, nicotine replacement therapy use, vaping status. Results Overall fell 13.6 [95% CI = 13.3 13.9] 10.6 [10.5 10.8] per day October 2019 (a 22% decrease), then remained stable up Over this period, the proportion mainly or exclusively increased (from 30.6% [29.1%–32.1%] 52.1% [49.7%–54.5%] 2023). As result, manufactured 47%, 9.5 [9.2–9.8] 5.0 [4.7–5.3] 2023, while 35%, 4.2 [3.9–4.4] 5.6 [5.3–5.9], respectively. The decline overall was observed across subgroups, but greater non-daily smokers, younger those who vaped. Conclusions last 15 years, average number consumed each has fallen almost quarter, plateaued since 2019. There been sharp an increase consumed, as have increasingly shifted towards using tobacco. Implications While over past declining trend stalled (and reversed some population groups) availability cheap, tobacco appears be undermining policies that aim reduce raising price (eg, through taxation) could targeted reignite consumption.

Язык: Английский

---

COVID-related social determinants of substance use disorder among diverse U.S. racial ethnic groups

Social Science & Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 317, С. 115599 - 115599

Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2022

Язык: Английский

---

Differences in demographics and behaviors across two web-based survey platforms: Observations from a study of risk perceptions of heated tobacco products (HTPs)

Preventive Medicine Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33, С. 102194 - 102194

Опубликована: Март 31, 2023

With an escalating popularity of online surveys in behavioral research, it is critical to understand how different sources participants can yield differing outcomes. While Mturk has been used for almost two decades, a recent introduction panels allows researchers choose from variety pools. This study aims contribute existing knowledge platforms differ their characteristics and responses which might affect the 300 were recruited each Prime 20 mins long survey assessing perceptions intentions use Heated tobacco products (HTPs). Participants answered demographic tobacco-use related questions including vaccination masking COVID-19. They shown picture description recently launched HTP. Further, about awareness HTPs, risk perception health conditions (cigarettes, e-cigarettes HTPs) perceived severity COVID-19 infection smokers, vapers HTP users. Results showed significant differences panel participants' demographics tobacco-use. more racially diverse population (chi-sq = 10.07, p < 0.02) significantly current smokers 44.74, 0.01) e-cigarette users 38.04, compared with Mturk. Mean scores COVID between Study highlights sample composition that be helpful choosing one platform over another based on specific requirements.

Язык: Английский

---

A Complex Interplay: Navigating the Crossroads of Tobacco Use, Cardiovascular Disease, and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A WHF Policy Brief

Global Heart, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Global Heart is the official and primary publication of World Federation, offering a platform for dissemination knowledge on research, developments, trends, solutions public health programmes in area cardiovascular disease. welcomes research results, points view educational material prevention, treatment control disease with special focus low middle-income countries which are facing brunt epidemiological transition.Global strongly encourages authors to adhere CONSORT, STROBE, STARD, PRISMA guidelines reporting clinical trials, observational studies, diagnostic test accuracy papers, systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Authors required submission download complete appropriate Equator Network checklist: http://www.equator-network.org/.

Язык: Английский

---

The COVID-19 Pandemic and Smoking Cessation—A Real-Time Data Analysis from the Polish National Quitline

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 19(4), С. 2016 - 2016

Опубликована: Фев. 11, 2022

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, tobacco research has delivered new evidence on harmfulness smoking in context SARS-CoV-2 infection and course disease. More more proves that is an important risk factor contributing to increased mortality among patients. The aim this study was assess whether how pandemic impacted decisions about quitting smoking. A total 4072 records anonymized data were obtained from Polish National Quitline. Between 15 April 2020 31 May 2021, callers asked its influence their continuation or cessation. Our results indicate smokers are very receptive communication concerning risk. This phenomenon can possibly be connected immediate potential health consequences virus infection. Results may putting emphasis arguments combined with short-term result better outcomes There a need for further constant education tobacco-related harm. showed irregular mass high effectiveness

Язык: Английский

---

Exposure to IQOS ads and reduced exposure claims, and association with perceived risk from COVID-19 on IQOS purchase and use intentions: results from a web-based survey

Frontiers in Public Health, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2024

Introduction IQOS was authorized to be marketed as a reduced exposure product by the Food and Drug Administration in October 2020 during global COVID-19 pandemic. Those who smoke may more sensitive marketing claims have an increased inclination toward use. We evaluated likelihood of trying purchasing function ads, appeal, risk perceptions using original ads with marketing. Method An online cross-sectional survey recruited 604 US adults (18–45 years), both do not smoke. Participants saw one six randomly assigned or without claims, they answered questions about appeal try purchase IQOS. Generalized linear models were used examine associations. Results A per unit increase associated greater (B = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.15–0.18) 0.16, CI 0.14–0.18). Current smokers former e-cigarette users reported intentions than never-smokers never users, respectively. Likelihood confidence contracting 0.11, 0.01–0.21). No significant differences observed between different ad conditions. −0.34, −0.50-(−0.19)) −0.92, −0.15-(−0.68)) cigarette someday less users. However, 0.58, 0.27–0.89; B 0.68, 0.39–0.98) 0.38, 0.15–0.61) IQOS, Discussion higher especially for those currently lower from COVID-19. Among smokers, use e-cigarettes past receptive The data are informative potential trends future implications regulations heated tobacco products (HTPs).

Язык: Английский

---

Perceived relative harm and addictiveness compared with cigarettes and intentions to use modified risk tobacco products utilizing FDA-authorized marketing claims among adults in the United States

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 261, С. 111291 - 111291

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Changing patterns of cigarette and ENDS transitions in the USA: a multistate transition analysis of adults in the PATH Study in 2017–2019 vs 2019–2021

Tobacco Control, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. tc - 058453

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2024

Introduction The use of cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) has likely changed since 2019 with the rise pods disposables, lung injuries outbreak, flavour bans, Tobacco 21 COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Using Population Assessment Health Study, we applied a multistate transition model to 28 061 adults in waves 4–5 (2017–2019) 24 584 5–6 (2019–2021), estimating rates for initiation, cessation switching products each period overall by age group. Results Cigarette initiation among who never used either product decreased from 2017–2019 2019–2021, but ENDS did not significantly change. persistence ENDS-only remained high (75%–80% after 1 year). Cigarette-only transitions similar (88% remaining, 7% non-current 5% dual or use). In contrast, increased 9.5% (95% CI 7.3% 11.7%) 20.0% 17.4% 22.6%) per year, decreasing use. cigarette-only at about 25%. These changes were qualitatively across adult groups, though ages 18–24 years exhibited highest probability Conclusions larger fraction users transitioned compared 2017–2019. Because low, especially older adults, public health implications this change are minimal.

Язык: Английский

---

Challenges faced by tobacco quitline services during the COVID-19 pandemic

Journal of Substance Use, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 29(3), С. 376 - 381

Опубликована: Янв. 15, 2023

ABSTRACTABSTRACTBackground COVID-19 started in 2019 and spread rapidly throughout the world. The pandemic has presented a lot of public health challenges globally. virus mostly affected respiratory system, so tobacco consumers (smoke/smokeless) were at higher risk developing severe illnesses due to COVID-19. National Tobacco Quit Line Services (NTQLS) plays an important role cessation. However, pandemic, it was challenging run these services.Methods There several faced by NTQLS during lockdown. data from team retrieved analyze if work home had number attended calls quitters (2020) compared with before (2019).Results results showed that 36.4% whereas, they 27%. Quit-date set decreased (29.2%) (41.8%). Furthermore, (27.5%) (35.9%).Conclusion Telephone counseling is effective various countries increase quit attempts among individuals however, services jeopardized pandemic.KEYWORDS: IndiaCOVID-19tobaccopublic healthtelephone AcknowledgmentsWe gratefully acknowledge financial support provided control division Ministry Health Family Welfare, Government India Quitline effectively Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict interest reported authors.Data availability statementRaw generated Center, Navi Mumbai. findings this study are available corresponding author, [Budukh AM], upon reasonable request.Additional informationFundingThe authors there no funding associated featured article.

Язык: Английский

---