Carbon mitigation potential afforded by rooftop photovoltaic in China

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2023

Rooftop photovoltaics (RPVs) are crucial in achieving energy transition and climate goals, especially cities with high building density substantial consumption. Estimating RPV carbon mitigation potential at the city level of an entire large country is challenging given difficulties assessing rooftop area. Here, using multi-source heterogeneous geospatial data machine learning regression, we identify a total 65,962 km2 area 2020 for 354 Chinese cities, which represents 4 billion tons under ideal assumptions. Considering urban land expansion power mix transformation, remains 3-4 2030, when China plans to reach its peak. However, most have exploited less than 1% their potential. We provide analysis geographical endowment better support future practice. Our study provides critical insights targeted development can serve as foundation similar work other countries.

Язык: Английский

---

Demand Flexibility of Residential Buildings: Definitions, Flexible Loads, and Quantification Methods

Engineering, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 16, С. 123 - 140

Опубликована: Март 18, 2022

This paper reviews recent research on the demand flexibility of residential buildings in regard to definitions, flexible loads, and quantification methods. A systematic distinction terminology is made, including flexibility, operation energy buildings. comprehensive definition building proposed based an analysis existing definitions. Moreover, capabilities characteristics main loads are summarized compared. Models evaluation indicators quantify these reviewed summarized. Current gaps challenges identified analyzed as well. The results indicate that previous studies have focused central air conditioning, electric water heaters, wet appliances, refrigerators, lighting, where proportion focusing each subjects 36.7%, 25.7%, 14.7%, 9.2%, 8.3%, respectively. These different running modes, usage frequencies, seasons, for shedding, shifting, modulation, while their response not yet clear. Furthermore, recommendations given application white-, black-, grey-box models modeling situations. Numerous static aspects power, temporality, energy, efficiency, economics, environment been publications, but a consensus standardized framework lacking. review can help readers better understand learn about also providing suggestions future techniques metrics flexibility.

Язык: Английский

---

Ten questions concerning energy flexibility in buildings

Building and Environment, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 223, С. 109461 - 109461

Опубликована: Авг. 6, 2022

Язык: Английский

---

Global transition of operational carbon in residential buildings since the millennium

Advances in Applied Energy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11, С. 100145 - 100145

Опубликована: Июнь 4, 2023

The residential sector is the third-largest energy consumer and emitter globally as such at forefront of transition net-zero emissions pathway. To accelerate pace decarbonization buildings, this study first to present a bottom-up assessment framework integrated with decomposing structural decomposition method evaluate emission patterns process building operations in 56 countries spanning 12 regions worldwide from 2000 2020. results show that (1) operational carbon intensity global buildings has maintained an annual decline 1.2% over past two decades, average household size have been key decarbonization; (2) end uses held increasingly important role decarbonizing (-46.3 kgs dioxide per year), largest contributors being appliances(38.3%), followed by space heating (21.2%) lighting (12.6%); (3) although total was 7.1 gigatons achieved efficiency 9.4% yr during time period, regional inequality uneven distribution remained quite large, especially emerging economy regions. Moreover, uncertainty robustness are also tested, adaptive high strategies further proposed for buildings. Overall, reviews compares performances motivations support national efforts reach advance toward carbon-free century.

Язык: Английский

---

Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning optimization framework for building energy system with renewable energy

Applied Energy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 312, С. 118724 - 118724

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2022

Язык: Английский

---

Control and estimation techniques applied to smart microgrids: A review

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 179, С. 113251 - 113251

Опубликована: Март 31, 2023

Язык: Английский

---

Pathway for decarbonizing residential building operations in the US and China beyond the mid-century

Applied Energy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 342, С. 121164 - 121164

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2023

With global carbon budget targets looming, residential buildings in top economies must become neutral as soon possible to reserve more emission space for emerging carbon-emitting economies. This study is the first compare operational decarbonization process of China's and United States (US) from 2000 2060 by combining end-use model with decomposing structural decomposition (DSD) method Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that 2001 2020 China decarbonized 1544 mega-tons dioxide (MtCO2) US 1848 MtCO2. In business-as-usual scenario, will hit its peak 2031 (±3) 934 (±61) MtCO2, while maintain a lock-in level 736 (±133) MtCO2 since 2030s. neutrality promoted an increase clean power generation proportion, building-integrated level, building electrification reduction energy intensity, which contribute 34.4 %, 21.4 14.3 29.9 % 32.9 33.1 8.2 25.8 US, respectively. Especially, only costs about 40 what it US. Besides, high-decarbonization strategies operations are proposed references governments formulate targeted climate policies. Overall, this offers data benchmarks buildings' further promote synergistic age Post COP27.

Язык: Английский

---

Data-driven key performance indicators and datasets for building energy flexibility: A review and perspectives

Applied Energy, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 343, С. 121217 - 121217

Опубликована: Май 6, 2023

Energy flexibility, through short-term demand-side management (DSM) and energy storage technologies, is now seen as a major key to balancing the fluctuating supply in different grids with demand of buildings. This especially important when considering intermittent nature ever-growing renewable production, well increasing dynamics electricity paper provides holistic review (1) data-driven flexibility performance indicators (KPIs) for buildings operational phase (2) open datasets that can be used testing KPIs. The identifies total 81 KPIs from 91 recent publications. These were categorized analyzed according their type, complexity, scope, stakeholders, data requirement, baseline resolution, popularity. Moreover, 330 building collected evaluated. Of those, 16 deemed adequate feature performing response or building-to-grid (B2G) services. DSM strategy, grid control needed features, usability these selected analyzed. reveals future opportunities address limitations existing literature: developing new methodologies specifically evaluate strategies B2G services buildings; baseline-free could calculated easily accessible sensors meter data; (3) devoting non-engineering efforts promote such designing utility programs, standardizing quantification verification processes; (4) curating proper description assessments.

Язык: Английский

---

Photovoltaics and Energy Storage Integrated Flexible Direct Current Distribution Systems of Buildings: Definition, Technology Review, and Application

CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

For a future carbon-neutral society, it is great challenge to coordinate between the demand and supply sides of power grid with high penetration renewable energy sources.In this paper, general distribution system buildings, namely, PEDF (photovoltaics, storage, direct current, flexibility), proposed provide an effective solution from side.A integrates distributed photovoltaics, storages (including traditional virtual storage), current into building flexible services for external grid.System topology control strategies at grid, building, device levels are introduced analyzed.We select representative work about key technologies in recent years, analyze research focuses, summarize their major challenges & opportunities.Then, we introduce three real application cases system.On-site measurement results demonstrate its feasibility advantages.With rapid growth production electric vehicles, potential promising approach largescale integration future.

Язык: Английский

---

Challenges and opportunities in the global net-zero building sector

Cell Reports Sustainability, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 1(8), С. 100154 - 100154

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

---