Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines (LRCUG) for reducing health harms from non-medical cannabis use: A comprehensive evidence and recommendations update

International Journal of Drug Policy, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 99, С. 103381 - 103381

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2021

Cannabis use is common, especially among young people, and associated with risks for various health harms. Some jurisdictions have recently moved to legalization/regulation pursuing public goals. Evidence-based 'Lower Risk Use Guidelines' (LRCUG) recommendations were previously developed reduce modifiable risk factors of cannabis-related adverse outcomes; related evidence has evolved substantially since. We aimed review new scientific develop comprehensively up-to-date LRCUG, including their recommendations, on this basis. Targeted searches literature (since 2016) main outcomes by the user-individual conducted. Topical areas informed previous LRCUG content expanded upon current evidence. Searches preferentially focused systematic reviews, supplemented key individual studies. The results evidence-graded, topically organized narratively summarized; through an iterative expert consensus development process. A substantial body cannabis use-related harms identified varying quality. Twelve substantive recommendation clusters three precautionary statements developed. In general, suggests that individuals can if they delay onset until after adolescence, avoid high-potency (THC) products high-frequency/-intensity use, refrain from smoking-routes administration. While people are particularly vulnerable harms, other sub-groups (e.g., pregnant women, drivers, older adults, those co-morbidities) advised exercise particular caution risks. Legal/regulated should be used where possible. result in outcomes, mostly higher-risk use. Reducing help offer one targeted intervention component within a comprehensive approach They require effective audience-tailoring dissemination, regular updating as become available, evaluated impact.

Язык: Английский

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Association of cannabis potency with mental ill health and addiction: a systematic review

The Lancet Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9(9), С. 736 - 750

Опубликована: Июль 25, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Public health monitoring of cannabis use in Europe: prevalence of use, cannabis potency, and treatment rates

The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10, С. 100227 - 100227

Опубликована: Сен. 24, 2021

Cannabis is one of the most widely used substances worldwide. Heavy use associated with an increased risk cannabis disorders, psychotic acute cognitive impairment, traffic injuries, respiratory problems, worse pregnancy outcomes, and there are indications for genotoxic epigenotoxic adverse effects. International regulation medical non-medical changing rapidly substantially, highlighting importance robust public health monitoring. This study aimed to describe trends key indicators in European Union (27 member states + UK, Norway Turkey) period 2010 2019, their implications, identify steps required improve current practice monitoring harm Europe.Data on four (prevalence use, prevalence disorder [CUD], treatment rates, potency products) Europe were extracted from United Nations Office Drugs Crime, Monitoring Centre Drug Addiction Global Burden Disease study. For CUD, first last available estimate each country compared. rates potency, linear regression models conducted.Between past-month by 27% adults (from 3·1 3·9%), pronounced relative increases observed among 35-64 year-olds. In 13 out 26 countries, over 20% all users reported high-risk patterns. The rate entry problems per 100,000 27·0 (95% CI: 17·2 36·8) 35·1 23·6 46·7) has mostly plateaued since 2015. Modest found herbal 6·9% 10·6% THC) while median THC values tripled resin 7·6% 24·1% THC).In past decade, levels have major concerns about impact use. Continued efforts data quality reporting, including cannabis-attributable harm, will be necessary evaluate international changes regulation.This received no specific funding.

Язык: Английский

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Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated With and Prevalence and Frequency of Cannabis Use Among Adults in the US

JAMA Network Open, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 4(11), С. e2136571 - e2136571

Опубликована: Ноя. 30, 2021

Importance

Cannabis use has increased, but there are few studies on frequent and daily cannabis among US adults. Individuals who engage in higher frequency may suffer more health consequences.

Objective

To examine of associated factors

Design, Setting, Participants

This survey study included data from 21 states 2 territories reported the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys 2016 to 2019. Cross-sectional adults ages 18 years older were used estimate demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral risk for use, taking into account strata sampling weights 4 combined data. Using a multivariable ordinal logistic analysis, association socioeconomic status, with past month examined.

Exposures

Sociodemographic characteristic, ie, age, gender, race ethnicity, educational attainment, employment annual household income.

Main Outcomes Measures

Ordinal categorization number days 30 terms nonuse, infrequent (1-5 days), (6-29 use.

Results

Among 387 179 respondents, 58 009 (27.9%) 34 years, 186 923 (50.3%) 35 64 142 225 (21.8%) age 65 or (mean [SD] 48.3 [0.1] years). The sample 28 345 (9.8%) Black, 36 697 (22.6%) Hispanic, 292 210 (57.3%) White respondents. Smoking was most common form varied significantly by race, marital education, employment. Higher younger (ages 18-34 years: adjusted odds ratio [aOR],4.12; 95% CI, 3.63-4.68; 35-64 aOR,2.22; 1.98-2.49), Black (aOR, 1.46; 1.33-1.71) Native American 1.25; 1.04-1.52) less attainment (high school less: aOR,1.09; 1.02-1.17; some college: aOR,1.27; 1.19-1.35). Being married 0.54; 0.51-0.58) identifying as Asian 0.60; 0.51-0.71) Hispanic 0.71; 0.65-0.77) lower-frequency after accounting other baseline factors.

Conclusions Relevance

nationally based found that higher-frequency is young racial minority populations, well respondents low status. Given known emerging negative effects attention need be paid high-frequency underserved populations screening, stratification, treatment.

Язык: Английский

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Association of semaglutide with reduced incidence and relapse of cannabis use disorder in real-world populations: a retrospective cohort study

Molecular Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 29(8), С. 2587 - 2598

Опубликована: Март 14, 2024

Cannabis is the most frequently used illicit drug in United States with more than 45 million users of whom one-third suffer from a cannabis use disorder (CUD). Despite its high prevalence, there are currently no FDA-approved medications for CUD. Patients treated semaglutide, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) approved treating type 2 diabetes (T2D) and weight management have reported reduced desire to drink smoke. Preclinical studies shown that semaglutide decreased nicotine alcohol consumption. preliminary clinical evidence semaglutide's potential beneficial effects on various substance disorders led us evaluate if it pertained In this retrospective cohort study electronic health records (EHRs) TriNetX Analytics Network, global federated research network approximately 105.3 patients 61 large healthcare organizations US, we aimed assess associations both incident recurrent CUD diagnosis compared non-GLP-1RA anti-obesity or anti-diabetes medications. Hazard ratio (HR) 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated 12-month follow-up by comparing propensity-score matched patient cohorts. The population included 85,223 obesity who prescribed medications, findings replicated 596,045 T2D. (mean age 51.3 years, 65.6% women), was associated lower risk prior history (HR: 0.56, CI: 0.42-0.75), 0.62, 0.46-0.84). Consistent reductions seen stratified gender, group, race without Similar T2D when 0.40, 0.29-0.56) 0.66, 0.42-1.03). While these provide benefit real-world populations, further preclinical warranted understand underlying mechanism randomized trials needed support clinically

Язык: Английский

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Endocannabinoids, cannabinoids and the regulation of anxiety

Neuropharmacology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 195, С. 108626 - 108626

Опубликована: Июнь 8, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Recreational cannabis legalization alters associations among cannabis use, perception of risk, and cannabis use disorder treatment for adolescents and young adults

Addictive Behaviors, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 138, С. 107552 - 107552

Опубликована: Ноя. 17, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Long-Term Cannabis Use and Cognitive Reserves and Hippocampal Volume in Midlife

American Journal of Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 179(5), С. 362 - 374

Опубликована: Март 8, 2022

Cannabis use is increasing among midlife and older adults. This study tested the hypotheses that long-term cannabis associated with cognitive deficits smaller hippocampal volume in midlife, which important because are risk factors for dementia.

Язык: Английский

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Identifying risk-thresholds for the association between frequency of cannabis use and development of cannabis use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 238, С. 109582 - 109582

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Risk-thresholds for the association between frequency of cannabis use and the development of psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Psychological Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 53(9), С. 3858 - 3868

Опубликована: Март 24, 2022

Abstract Background Epidemiological studies show a dose–response association between cannabis use and the risk of psychosis. This review aimed to determine whether there are identifiable risk-thresholds frequency psychosis development. Methods Systematic search Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web Science for relevant (1 January 2010–26 April 2021). Case–control or cohort that investigated relationship development reported effect estimates [odds ratios (OR), hazard (HR), (RR)] raw data calculate them, with information on consumption were included. Effect extracted from individual converted RR. Two-stage multivariable meta-analytic models utilized sensitivity analyses conducted. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used assess bias included studies. Results Ten original (three cohorts, seven case–control) included, including 7390 participants an age range 12–65 years. Random-effect model meta-analyses showed significant log-linear A restricted cubic-splines provided best fit data, significantly increasing weekly more frequent [RR = 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93–1.11 yearly; RR 1.10, CI 0.97–1.25 monthly; 1.35, 1.19–1.52 weekly; 1.76, 1.47–2.12 daily] Conclusion Individuals using frequently at increased psychosis, no associated less use. Public health prevention messages should convey these risk-thresholds, which be refined through further work.

Язык: Английский

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