International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
19(21), С. 14394 - 14394
Опубликована: Ноя. 3, 2022
Given
the
rise
in
cannabis
vaping,
it
is
important
to
highlight
heterogeneity
vaping
different
product
because
of
potential
differences
their
health
risks.
This
study
aims
estimate
trends
and
socio-demographic
correlates
use
various
products
across
jurisdiction
with
legal
status.
Data
from
2018
(n
=
27,169)
2019
47,747)
waves
International
Cannabis
Policy
Study
(ICPS)
were
used.
Respondents
aged
16-65
completed
web-based
surveys.
In
2019,
proportions
past
year
oil,
dried
flower
concentrates
overall
sample
highest
U.S.
jurisdictions
where
was
legalized
for
non-medical
(17.4%,
6.0%,
4.9%),
followed
by
illegal
(13.7%,
5.8%,
2.9%),
lowest
Canada
(8.1%,
4.4%,
2.1%).
Vaping
decreased
Canada,
while
oil
increased
all
(p
<
0.001).
The
odds
forms
higher
among
younger
respondents
(16-55
years),
males,
some
college
education,
persons
low-risk
perceptions
on
daily
vaping.
both
ICPS
surveys
(2018
2019),
most
frequently
vaped
products,
flower,
concentrates.
Detailed
measures
should
be
considered
future
Deutsches Ärzteblatt international,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2024
The
federal
government
of
Germany
is
planning
to
liberalize
the
recreational
cannabis
market
for
adults.
We
aimed
collect
key
baseline
data
on
frequency
use,
routes
administration,
and
co-use
inhaled
nicotine
or
tobacco
products
in
population.
Neuropsychopharmacology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
49(9), С. 1425 - 1436
Опубликована: Март 25, 2024
Cannabidiol
(CBD)
is
widely
used
and
believed
to
be
non-intoxicating,
lacking
acute
performance
effects
(e.g.,
non-impairing).
However,
a
synthesis
of
data
has
not
evaluated
this.
This
meta-analysis
synthesized
from
controlled
human
laboratory
studies
that
if
CBD
use
impairs
performance.
Performance
on
objective
subjective
measures
cognitive
psychomotor
function
were
as
markers
for
potential
changes
impairment.
Studies
identified
through
systematic
database
searches.
Adult
clinical
trials
measuring
(within
0-8
h
administration)
included.
The
primary
outcome
was
the
peak
mean
difference
in
between
placebo.
A
secondary
analysis
utilizing
delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
(Δ9-THC)
positive
control
comparison
completed.
Pooled
Hedges'
g
estimates
calculated
using
robust
variance
estimation
(RVE)
meta-regression.
omnibus
RVE
indicated
statistically
significant,
but
small
effect
size
(Hedge's
<
0.2)
impaired
following
consumption
compared
placebo
(N
=
16
trials,
0.122,
95%
CI:
0.023-0.221,
p
0.019).
Measure
type
significant
moderator
with
larger
differences
when
measures,
specifically
self-reported
sedation,
versus
tasks
(Hedges'
Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9(4), С. e1184 - e1196
Опубликована: Янв. 8, 2024
Cannabis
is
the
most
used
illicit
drug
in
United
States.
With
many
states
passing
legislation
to
permit
its
recreational
use,
there
concern
that
cannabis
use
among
adolescents
could
increase
dramatically
coming
years.
Historically,
it
has
been
difficult
model
real-world
investigate
causal
relationship
between
adolescence
and
behavioral
neurobiological
effects
adulthood.
Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
19(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2024
Abstract
Background
Canada
legalized
recreational
cannabis
in
2018,
and
one
of
the
primary
objectives
Cannabis
Act
was
to
protect
youth
by
reducing
their
access
providing
public
education.
has
highest
prevalence
use
worldwide,
particularly
among
young
adults
under
age
25.
is
linked
with
many
adverse
effects
for
including
psychosis,
anxiety,
depression,
respiratory
distress,
cannabinoid
hyperemesis
syndrome,
impaired
cognitive
performance.
Despite
high
evolution
policies
globally,
significant
knowledge
research
gaps
remain
regarding
adult
use.
The
aim
this
scoping
review
map
extent,
nature,
range
evidence
available
on
since
its
legalization,
order
strengthen
policies,
services,
treatments,
training,
education
strategies.
Methods
Using
a
framework
developed
Arksey
O’Malley,
along
PRISMA-ScR
guidelines,
we
conducted
rigorous
search
five
academic
databases:
MEDLINE,
Embase,
APA
PsycINFO,
CINAHL
Web
Science
Core
Collection.
We
included
empirical
studies
that
collected
data
after
legalization
(October
2018)
focused
or
<
30.
Two
reviewers
independently
screened
articles
two
stages
extracted
relevant
information
from
meeting
inclusion
criteria.
Results
Of
47
our
criteria,
92%
used
quantitative
methods,
6%
were
qualitative,
2%
mixed-methods
approach.
Over
two-thirds
(68%)
secondary
data.
These
categorized
into
six
focus
areas:
(1)
prevalence,
patterns,
trends,
(2)
cannabis-related
injuries
emergency
department
(ED)
visits,
(3)
rates
patterns
during
pandemic,
(4)
perceptions
use,
(5)
prevention
tools,
(6)
offenses.
Key
findings
reviewed
include
an
increase
18-24-year-olds
post-legalization,
mixed
results
18.
ED
visits
intentional
unintentional
have
increased
children
teens.
Perception
show
mix
concern
normalization
Though
limited,
are
promising
raising
awareness.
A
decline
offenses
noted
study.
highlights
several
gaps,
need
more
qualitative
data,
disaggregation
demographic
intervention
research,
comprehensive
physical
mental
health
impacts
adults.
Conclusion
Maintaining
approach
critical,
This
involves
implementing
strategies
minimize
harms,
enhancing
education,
minimizing
commercialization,
cannabis,
promoting
guidelines
lower-risk
harm
reduction
strategies,
increasing
training
healthcare
providers.
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
26(11), С. 773 - 783
Опубликована: Сен. 16, 2023
Cannabis
edibles
are
an
increasingly
popular
form
of
cannabis
consumption.
Oral
consumption
has
distinct
physiological
and
behavioral
effects
compared
with
injection
or
inhalation.
An
animal
model
is
needed
to
understand
the
pharmacokinetics
oral
in
rodents
as
a
for
human
edible
use.Adult
male
female
C57BL/6
mice
received
single
dose
commercially
available
oil
(5
mg/kg
Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol
[THC])
by
gavage.
At
0.5,
1,
2,
3,
6
hours
post
exposure,
plasma,
hippocampus,
adipose
tissue
were
collected
THC,
11-OH-THC,
THC-COOH
measures.We
report
delayed
time
peak
THC
11-OH-THC
concentrations
brain,
tissue,
which
consistent
studies.
We
also
found
sex
differences
tetrad:
(1)
had
hypothermic
effect
consumption,
was
not
present
males;
(2)
females
stronger
catalepsy
than
(3)
males
less
mobile
following
whereas
showed
no
difference
locomotion
but
anxiogenic
at
3
exposure;
(4)
displayed
longer-lasting
antinociceptive
cannabis.Oral
translationally
relevant
administration
that
produces
similar
vaping
thus
should
be
considered
viable
approach
examining
moving
forward.
Furthermore,
given
strong
metabolism
cannabis,
these
factors
carefully
when
designing
studies
on
cannabis.
Assessment,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
32(1), С. 77 - 89
Опубликована: Март 21, 2024
Given
the
popularity
and
ease
of
single-item
craving
assessments,
we
developed
a
multi-item
measure
compared
it
to
common
assessments
in
an
ecological
momentary
assessment
(EMA)
context.
Two
weeks
EMA
data
were
collected
from
48
emerging
adults
(56.25%
female,
85.42%
White)
who
frequently
used
cannabis.
Eight
items
administered,
multilevel
factor
analyses
identify
best
fitting
model.
The
resulting
scale’s
factors
represented
purposefulness/general
desire
emotionality/negative
affect
craving.
Convergent
validity
was
examined
using
measures
craving,
cannabis
use
disorder
symptoms,
frequency
use,
cue
reactivity,
negative
affect,
impulsivity.
scale
associated
with
cue-reactivity
impulsivity,
subfactors
existing
measures.
For
researchers
interested
single
item
capture
one
performed
particularly
well.
However,
new
may
provide
more
nuanced
mechanisms
underlying
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
21(8), С. 986 - 986
Опубликована: Июль 27, 2024
Given
diversified
cannabis
products,
we
examined
associations
between
consumption
methods
and
risk
perception
of
smoking
1–2
times
a
week.
Using
the
2022
U.S.
National
Survey
on
Drug
Use
Health
data
(N
=
12,796
past-year
adult
users;
M
6127
F
6669),
used
multinomial
binary
logistic
regression
models.
Smoking
was
most
prevalent
method,
followed
by
eating/drinking,
vaping,
dabbing.
One-half
users
reported
no
perceived
week,
37.5%
slight
risk,
9.2%
moderate
2.9%
great
risk.
Those
with
or
had
lower
likelihood
using
4+
(e.g.,
RRR
0.40,
95%
CI
0.20,
0.77
for
perception).
Any
associated
higher
odds
edibles/drinks
only
aOR
2.81,
1.43,
5.54
Along
medical
use
CUD,
sociodemographic
factors,
mental
illness,
other
substance
were
also
significant
correlates
methods.
Understanding
varying
perceptions
different
is
needed
harm
reduction
initiatives.
More
research
particularly
dabs/concentrates,
to
better
understand
potential
risks
them.
Addiction,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
119(9), С. 1502 - 1504
Опубликована: Март 7, 2024
Considerable
differences
in
the
types
of
cannabis
products,
methods
use,
social
norms
and
cultures
legal
climates
surrounding
use
exist
among
regions,
resulting
distinct
contexts.
Research
examining
accounting
for
these
contextual
is
crucial
to
further
understanding
disorder,
developing
refining
context
sensitive
strategies
prevention,
treatment
harm
reduction.
The
past
two
decades
have
seen
increased
legalization
recreational
across
globe,
prevalence
emerging
evidence
cannabis-related
harms
[1].
We
argue
that
precisely
how
impacts
people
who
cannabis,
as
well
likely
why,
may
vary
substantially
depending
upon
variation
legislation,
promotion,
acceptability
around
use.
These
factors
create
unique
regionally
specific
'cannabis
contexts'.
Although
broader
cross-cultural
considerations
apply
all
addictions
we
believe
they
are
particularly
important
given
global
changes
towards
more
lenient
policies.
aim
increase
awareness
stimulate
research
debate
regarding
contexts
shape
processes
underlying
disorder
(CUD)
associated
outcomes.
percentage
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC)
products
has
been
increasing
internationally
[1],
but
there
substantial
markets
type
product
Use
higher-potency
appears
risen
United
States
be
common
states
legalized
[2].
temporal
regional
health
implications
[3].
Further
individual
cannabinoid
exposure,
new
THC
rising
popularity
US
market,
with
one
six
users
reporting
Δ8-THC
[4].
produces
fewer
psychoactive
effects
than
Δ9-THC,
preferred
those
seeking
medicinal
benefit,
indicating
a
potential
difference
attitudes
Common
routes
administration
(ROA)
also
differ
throughout
regions
impact
bioavailability
cannabinoids.
Cannabis
combustion
results
faster
onset
action
higher
blood
levels
relative
oral
ingestion
[5].
While
smoking
still
most
prevalent
ROA
Canada,
edible
[6]
smoked
flower
combined
tobacco
European
countries
[7].
Nicotine
cannabinoids
compensatory
synergistic
neurobiological
[8],
nicotine–cannabis
co-users
severe
CUD
prognoses
[9].
variations
result
differential
frequent
on
other
physical,
cognitive
mental
policies,
perceived
it,
influence
trajectories
probably
contribute
CUD.
More
permissive
community
heightened
[10].
interplay
policies
feed
into
interact
perceptions
one's
own
producing
different
outcomes
In
States,
availability
declining
parallel
rates
[11].
Despite
such
increases
self-reported
[12].
Some
that,
rather
reflecting
legitimate
decline
CUD,
this
seemingly
contradictory
pattern
reflect
reduced
treatment-seeking
some
(e.g.
[13]).
tentatively
agree:
per
se,
concomitant
drug
then
acquired,
can
alter
drug's
safety,
turn
potentially
changing
consequences
[14].
Such
forms
messaging
cannabis—for
example,
presence
signs
promoting
benefits
dispensaries
California
[15].
emergence
evidence-based
purported
therapeutic
appeal
bring
while
already
cannabis.
contrast
Canadian
reported
risk
post-legalization
[16],
preliminary
data
from
emergency
psychiatric
units
indicate
[17].
entry
Europe
[18].
short,
local
social,
regulatory
societal
milieu
which
consumed
exceedingly
complex.
There
reasons
affect
initiates
it
affects
them
whether
perceive
effects.
Greater
attention
improve
our
If
experiences
are—as
suggest—potentially
so
variable,
proceed
investigating
cannabis?
One
approach
sample
niche
populations
homogeneous,
cannabis-only
users,
will
ignore
reality
It
complex
picture
need
understand
provide
nuanced
guidelines
safer
patterns
generalize
wider
population
Instead,
researchers
should
embrace
heterogeneity
study
context.
To
achieve
this,
recommend
following;
first,
urge
report
standardized
fashion.
iCannToolkit
[19]
framework
facilitating
integration
characterization
context-specific
proposes
time-line
follow-back
(TLFB)
methodology
(in
combination
5-mg
unit
ROA)
an
extensive
self-report
quantification
method.
Self-reports
quick
reliable
proxy
exposure
[20].
Secondly,
when
testing
time
allows
risks
motives
versus
medicinal)
relevant
incorporate.
When
samples
large
enough,
exploratory
analyses
assess
Beyond
studying
valuable
public
regions—including
often
under-represented
minority
groups—over
time.
Finally,
strongly
studies
incorporate
explicit
context'
statements,
including
elements
described
Box
1.
statements
brief
overview
typical
was
conducted
help
characterize
studies,
improving
synthesis.
Over
time,
information
contained
even
used
meta-analytically
explain
findings
regions.
Location
Year
policy
(i.e.
status
and/or
commercial
non-commercial)
Description
retail
market
(if
applicable)
method
Average
content
available)
Regional
Janna
Cousijn:
Conceptualization
(equal);
funding
acquisition
supervision
(lead);
writing—original
draft
(supporting);
writing—review
editing
(lead).
Lauren
Kuhns:
(equal).
Francesca
Filbey:
(supporting).
Tom
P.
Freeman:
Emese
Kroon:
This
supported
by
grant
1R01
DA042490-01A1
awarded
Cousijn
Filbey
National
Institute
Drug
Abuse/National
Health.
All
authors
no
conflicts
interest
declare.
The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
50(4), С. 557 - 565
Опубликована: Июль 3, 2024
Despite
an
increase
in
the
varieties
of
cannabis
products
available
for
consumption,
limited
evidence
is
about
patterns
consumption
methods
before
and
after
legalization.