FDM-based additive manufacturing of recycled thermoplastics and associated composites

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(2), С. 758 - 784

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2023

Язык: Английский

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3D printing in upcycling plastic and biomass waste to sustainable polymer blends and composites: A review

Materials & Design, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 237, С. 112558 - 112558

Опубликована: Дек. 13, 2023

Mishandling of waste plastics and biomasses is a major global concern. Every year, around 380 million tons plastic are produced, with only 9% being recycled, leading to widespread pollution. Similarly, biomass generation from agricultural forestry sectors accounts for 140 billion metric tons, in addition 2.01 municipal solid waste. This review paper addresses the gap regarding integration 3D printing, upcycling recycled plastics, utilization sustainable composites. printed parts have shown comparable mechanical properties compared virgin materials, which been further improved by biomass-derived fillers. The acknowledges that different printing parameters substantial influence on strength, ductility, crystallinity, dimensional accuracy parts. Therefore, optimizing these becomes crucial achieving performance. Moreover, incorporating reinforcing agents, stabilizers, chain extenders, compatibilizers, surface modifiers recycling presents an excellent opportunity enhance properties, thermal stability, adhesion, stability. Additionally, identifies research gaps proposes machine learning artificial intelligence enhanced process control material development, expanding possibilities this field.

Язык: Английский

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Multi‐material distributed recycling via material extrusion: recycled high density polyethylene and poly (ethylene terephthalate) mixture

Polymer Engineering and Science, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 64(4), С. 1555 - 1570

Опубликована: Янв. 19, 2024

Abstract The high volume of plastic waste and the extremely low recycling rate have created a serious challenge worldwide. Local distributed additive manufacturing (DRAM) offers solution by economically incentivizing local recycling. One DRAM technology capable processing large quantities is fused granular fabrication, where solid shredded can be reused directly as 3D printing feedstock. This study presents an experimental assessment multi‐material printability using two most common thermoplastics in beverage industry, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) high‐density (HDPE), feasibility mixing PET HDPE to used feedstock material for large‐scale 3‐D printing. After collection, shredding, cleaning, characterization optimization parameters were performed. Results showed object from rPET/rHDPE flakes, reducing production costs up 88%. Highlights Study: PET‐HDPE. Large‐scale particle‐based technically possible. Direct

Язык: Английский

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Improving the Long-Term Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Short Natural Fiber Compounds by Using Alternative Matrices

Biomimetics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 10(1), С. 46 - 46

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025

Wood plastic composites (WPCs) offer a means to reduce the carbon footprint by incorporating natural fibers enhance mechanical properties. However, there is limited information on properties of these materials under hostile conditions. This study evaluated polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polylactic acid (PLA) processed via extrusion injection molding. Tests were conducted tensile flexural strength modulus, heat deflection temperature (HDT), creep analysis varying relative humidity conditions (10% 90%) water immersion, followed freeze—thaw cycles. The addition generally improved but increased absorption. HDT dependent crystallinity composites. PLA PS demonstrated superior overall performance, except for their impact properties, where PP was slightly better than PLA.

Язык: Английский

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Recent advances in fused deposition modeling based additive manufacturing of thermoplastic composite structures: A review

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 36(7), С. 3094 - 3132

Опубликована: Май 22, 2022

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the leading emerging technologies Industry 4.0, which has been employed to develop sustainable engineering products, customized implants and sophisticated biomedical devices. However, mechanical strength durability 3D printed parts still lower than its conventional counterparts, restrict widespread use. In this regard, use short fibres (i.e. natural or artificial) advanced nanomaterials reinforce existing polymer matrix drastically increased improve load bearing capacity FDM parts. Hence, article aims provide a systematic review on thermoplastic composite structure prepared through technology summarizes current knowledge about various additives overall quality Moreover, common defects associated with structures methods required are discussed in article.

Язык: Английский

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3D printing of polyphenylene sulfide for functional lightweight automotive component manufacturing through enhancing interlayer bonding

Additive manufacturing, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 56, С. 102780 - 102780

Опубликована: Апрель 15, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Developments in 3D printing of carbon fiber reinforced polymer containing recycled plastic waste: A review

Cleaner Materials, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 9, С. 100207 - 100207

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023

3D printing process has gained significant attention because of its ability to manufacture complicated geometries. The also a lot potential for reducing plastic waste. In recent years, the use carbon fiber become increasingly popular as reinforcement material 3D-printed objects. combination waste and create high-strength lightweight structures various applications. This presented paper reviews advancements in using waste, focusing specifically on fused deposition modeling (FDM) selective laser sintering (SLS) methods composites. study highlights important role materials process, especially regarding difficulties producing non-recyclable plastics. composite processes industries that utilize these technologies. One key aspects article is exploration impact environment through recycling shall be helpful demonstration turning into durable, functional objects while minimizing environmental impact.

Язык: Английский

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Energy Consumption vs. Tensile Strength of Poly[methyl methacrylate] in Material Extrusion 3D Printing: The Impact of Six Control Settings

Polymers, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(4), С. 845 - 845

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2023

The energy efficiency of material extrusion additive manufacturing has a significant impact on the economics and environmental footprint process. Control parameters that ensure 3D-printed functional products premium quality mechanical strength are an established market-driven requirement. To accomplish multiple objectives is challenging, especially for multi-purpose industrial polymers, such as Poly[methyl methacrylate]. current paper explores contribution six generic control factors (infill density, raster deposition angle, nozzle temperature, print speed, layer thickness, bed temperature) to performance methacrylate] over its performance. A five-level L25 Taguchi orthogonal array was composed, with five replicas, involving 135 experiments. 3D printing time electrical consumption were documented stopwatch approach. tensile strength, modulus, toughness experimentally obtained. angle speed first second most influential strength. Layer thickness corresponding ones consumption. Quadratic regression model equations each response metric compiled validated. Thus, best compromise between achievable, tool creates value engineering applications.

Язык: Английский

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The Development of Sustainable Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol-Based (PETG) Blends for Additive Manufacturing Processing—The Use of Multilayered Foil Waste as the Blend Component

Materials, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(5), С. 1083 - 1083

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2024

The polymer foil industry is one of the leading producers plastic waste. development new recycling methods for packaging products biggest demands in today’s engineering. subject this research was melt processing multilayered PET-based waste with PETG copolymer. resulting blends were intended additive manufacturing using fused deposition modeling (FDM) method. In order to improve properties developed materials, compounding procedure conducted addition a reactive chain extender (CE) and elastomeric copolymer used as an impact modifier (IM). samples manufactured 3D printing technique and, comparison, traditional injection molding obtained subjected detailed characterization procedure, including mechanical performance evaluation, thermal analysis, rheological measurements. This confirms that film can be successfully production filament, most samples, FDM process without any difficulties. Unfortunately, unmodified are characterized by brittleness, which makes it necessary use elastomer presence semicrystalline PET phase improves resistance prepared blends; however, annealing required purpose.

Язык: Английский

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Progress in 3D printing of recycled PET

Materials Today Sustainability, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 26, С. 100757 - 100757

Опубликована: Март 24, 2024

Filaments from blends of post-industrial, low-quality recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (RPET) and ethylene-butyl-acrylate-glycidyl-methacrylate (EBA-GMA) were extruded with different EBA-GMA contents, then specimens 3D-printed by fused filament fabrication technology. It has been demonstrated that, when 0–90° layer order is applied, at 15 wt% content the unnotched impact strength increases two a half times notched nine compared to samples printed elastomer-free RPET. DSC DMA measurements proved that reactively bonds PET molecules, which indicated increment rigid amorphous phase glass transition temperature reduction crystallinity. The co-polymer molecules formed in-situ during compounding create Toughening Enhancer Interphase (TEI), also remains after 3D printing effectively enhances strength. strain break tensile filaments are substantially higher than due increasing shrinkage resulting increased porosity content. However, Young-modulus values quite similar. flexural reaches 40–60% injection moulded samples. proposed method enables production parts arbitrary geometry balanced mechanical properties RPET, may substitute acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.

Язык: Английский

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