Polymer Composites,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 4, 2025
Abstract
Short
fiber
reinforcement
is
a
key
for
improving
the
mechanical
properties
of
thermoplastic
composites
produced
by
3D
printing.
However,
strengthening
potential
fibers
often
under‐utilized
due
to
sub‐optimal
processing
conditions.
This
meta‐analysis
review
systematically
evaluates
microstructural
and
short
fiber‐reinforced
composites,
identifying
trends
related
fragmentation,
fiber‐matrix
interactions,
property
optimization.
Our
statistical
analysis
results
show
that
content
initial
length
have
minimal
effect
on
average
remaining
in
filament,
which
highlights
conditions
are
primary
control
breakage.
In
addition,
aspect
ratio
does
not
direct
correlation
with
tensile
strength,
can
be
insufficient
adhesion.
Despite
these
drawbacks,
still
increase
modulus
an
2.22
times
flexural
2.69
times.
Analytical
models
predicting
also
presented,
noting
while
they
provide
valuable
insights,
time‐consuming
experimental
validation
required
accurate
estimates.
Finally,
we
insights
into
sustainable
waste‐derived
fillers
as
alternatives
conventional
fibers.
Although
their
performance
remains
less
predictable,
surface
treatment
strategies
advanced
multi‐scale
modeling
techniques
will
essential
establish
structure–property
relationships
exploit
fully.
Ultimately,
hold
significant
promise
replacing
raw
material
from
sources,
paving
way
more
composite
Highlights
Waste‐derived
emerging
3D‐printed
composites.
Improved
micromechanical
needed
predict
effects
waste
fillers.
Statistical
shows
strength
independent
ratio.
Filler
affect
fragmentation
during
filament
manufacturing.
European Polymer Journal,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
201, С. 112553 - 112553
Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2023
Fused
Filament
Fabrication
(FFF,
a.k.a.
fused
deposition
modeling,
FDM)
is
presently
the
most
widespread
material
extrusion
(MEX)
additive
manufacturing
technique
owing
to
its
flexibility
and
robustness.
Nonetheless,
it
remains
underutilized
in
load-bearing
applications,
as
often
seen
aerospace,
automotive
biomedical
industries.
This
largely
due
processing
challenges
associated
with
high
performance
polymers
(HPPs)
like
poly-ether-ether-ketone
(PEEK)
or
polyetherimide
(PEI).
Compared
commercial-grade
plastics
such
polylactic
acid
(PLA),
parts
produced
HPPs
have
outstanding
mechanical
properties
thermal
stability.
However,
bulkier
chemical
structures
stronger
intermolecular
forces
than
common
FFF
feedstock
materials,
this
results
much
higher
printing
temperatures
greater
melt
viscosities.
The
demanding
requirements
of
thus
impaired
their
adoption
within
FFF.
Polymer
blending,
which
consists
properly
mixing
other
thermoplastics,
makes
possible
alleviate
these
issues,
while
also
providing
additional
advantages
improved
tensile
strength
reduced
friction.
Further
this,
manipulating
crystallisation
processes
mitigates
distortion
warping
upon
printing.
review
explores
some
emerging
trends
field
HPP
blends
how
they
address
excessive
viscosity,
polymer
crystallization,
moisture
uptake,
part
shrinkage
3D
Also,
various
structural/mechanical/chemical
enhancements
that
are
afforded
through
blending
critically
analysed
based
on
recent
examples
from
literature.
Such
insights
will
not
only
aid
researchers
field,
but
facilitate
development
novel,
printable
blends.
Polymer Composites,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Март 30, 2024
Abstract
Material
extrusion
additive
manufacturing
provides
an
effective
solution
for
fabrication
of
highly
customized
polyether
ether
ketone
(PEEK)
composite
parts
with
any
complex
shape.
Nevertheless,
compared
conventional
methods,
the
mechanical
strength
3D
printed
carbon
fiber
reinforced
PEEK
(CF/PEEK)
composites
is
unsatisfactory
due
to
weak
interface
bonding
and
high
voids
content
induced
by
temperature
difference.
To
overcome
this
challenge,
a
temperature‐control
printer
was
used
investigate
effects
ambient
annealing
on
microstructure,
crystallization
behavior
properties
parts.
Moreover,
tribological
at
different
were
also
studied
under
various
contact
pressure.
Experimental
results
showed
that
treatment
directly
affected
interfacial
(fiber/matrix,
filament/filament,
layer/layer),
crystallinity
samples,
thus
affecting
their
properties.
The
CF/PEEK
200°C
exhibited
outstanding
This
study
has
positive
significance
promoting
application
in
field
structural
load‐bearing
friction
materials.
Highlights
Structure–property
relationships
composites.
strongly
affects
thermal
microstructural
Interaction
between
molecular
diffusion.
Interfacial
determine
Tribological
are
dependent
applied
pressures.
Journal of Manufacturing Processes,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
90, С. 443 - 459
Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2023
The
material
extrusion
process
(MEX),
also
known
as
the
fused
filament
fabrication
process,
has
attracted
attention
in
manufacturing
industry.
A
major
obstacle
to
further
application
of
technology
is
lack
mechanical
strength
due
weak
interlayer
and
poor
coalescence
between
adjacent
beads.
Understanding
effect
printing
parameters
on
beads
a
step
toward
improvement
process.
In
this
study,
novel
two-phase
flow
numerical
simulation
approach
coupled
with
heat
transfer
been
applied
high-viscosity
polymers
determine
MEX
influence
temperature,
substrate
temperature
chamber,
well
deposition
strategy
(unidirectional
bidirectional)
beads,
investigated
by
validated
experimental
study.
modeling
Glycerol,
Polyether
ether
ketone
(PEEK)
Polylactic
acid
(PLA).
results
show
that
increasing
points
(substrate
chamber
temperature),
increase
model
reveals
cooling
rate
deposited
bead
relatively
high,
hence,
time
window
for
reaching
beads/layers
short.
indicates
layers
does
not
coalescence.
bidirectional
higher
compared
unidirectional
all
conditions
remaining
similar.
Unidirectional
leads
uniform
However,
deposition.
main
novelty
research
simultaneously
transfer,
shear
study
Since
time-consuming,
two
empirical
equations
based
obtained
have
proposed
predict
PLA
PEEK
separately.
ACS Applied Polymer Materials,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
5(11), С. 8833 - 8844
Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2023
Polyaryletherketone
(PAEK),
an
engineering
plastic
with
exceptional
mechanical
properties
and
a
high
glass
transition
temperature,
can
be
tailored
various
to
meet
the
multiple
requirements
of
aerospace
applications.
However,
it
remains
challenge
3D
print
PAEK
good
properties.
Herein,
direct
ink
writing
(DIW)
printable
has
been
developed,
yielded
parts
possess
tensile
strength
excellent
shape
memory
The
incorporation
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone
(NVP)
polyethylene
glycol
diacrylate
PEGDA
into
oligomers
(PAEKOs)
facilitated
their
versatility
as
diluents
or
reactive
functional
monomers.
This
characteristic
enabled
random
cross-linking
through
photoinitiator
exposure
for
formation
block
copolymers,
establishing
essential
stationary
reversible
phases
needed
capabilities.
photocured
demonstrated
comprehension
performances,
including
outstanding
(42.6
MPa),
thermal
stability
(Td-246
°C),
fixation
ratio
(>93%),
recovery
(>100%).
Furthermore,
greater
effect
was
utilized
actuator
realize
gripping
releasing
at
temperatures
(140
°C).
study
therefore
provides
emerging
strategy
fabricate
components
challenging
environments
using
DIW
technology.
approach
also
holds
promise
implementation
in
systems
beyond
which
have
typically
difficult
print.
