Revealing precipitation behavior and mechanical response of wire-arc directed energy deposited Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy by tailoring aging procedures

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 6(4), С. 045001 - 045001

Опубликована: Март 20, 2024

Abstract Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy, as a typical magnesium rare-earth (Mg-RE) is gaining popularity in the advanced equipment manufacturing fields owing to its noticeable age-hardening properties and high specific strength. However, it extremely challenging prepare wrought components with large dimensions complex shapes because of poor room-temperature processability alloy. Herein, we report wire-arc directed energy deposited (DED) Mg-10.45Gd-2.27Y-0.52Zr (wt.%, GW102K) alloy RE content presenting prominent combination strength ductility, realized by tailored nanoprecipitates through an optimized heat treatment procedure. Specifically, solution-treated sample exhibits excellent ductility elongation (EL) (14.6 ± 0.1)%, while aging-treated at 200 °C for 58 h achieves ultra-high ultimate tensile (UTS) (371 1.5) MPa. Besides, 250 16 attains good strength-ductility synergy UTS (316 2.1) MPa EL (8.5 0.1)%. Particularly, evolution mechanisms precipitation response induced various aging parameters deformation behavior caused type were also systematically revealed. The resulted from coordinating localized strains facilitated active slip activity. And should be ascribed dense nano- β ′ hampering dislocation motion. Additionally, shearable 1 contributed synergy. This work thus offers insightful understanding into manipulation performance tailoring DED preparation large-sized geometries.

Язык: Английский

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Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloys fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing

Virtual and Physical Prototyping, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 19(1)

Опубликована: Авг. 5, 2024

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) technology is expected to be used for the fabrication of large and complex magnesium alloy components. In this work, Mg-9.54Gd-1.82Y-0.44Zr (wt.%, GW92) thin-walled components were fabricated by cold metal transfer (CMT) in CMT-Advance mode. The microstructure WAAMed GW92 consists fine equiaxed ɑ-Mg grains with an average size ∼17 μm, eutectic phases, β" phase, cubic Zr particles. short-term high-temperature solution treatment at 525 ℃ 25 minutes significantly reduced content resulting a significant increase elongation (EL) (13.5 ± 0.3%). peak aging time solution-treated 225 12 h. WAAM-T6 sample showed strength while maintaining good ductility, yield (YS) 235 3 MPa, ultimate tensile (UTS) 360 7 10.8 1.7%. synergistic ductility properties Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloys WAAM process impacted + treatments preserve grain high-density.

Язык: Английский

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Wire-arc additive manufacturing of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy fabricated by cold metal transfer heat source: Processing, microstructure, and mechanical properties

Journal of Materials Research and Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 29, С. 5551 - 5561

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

With the development of aerospace, Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy as a high-performance light has attracted much attention. In this paper, Mg-8.8Gd-3.9Y-0.85Zn-0.45Zr (wt%, GWZ941) single-pass multilayer components fabricated by cold metal transfer wire and arc additive manufacturing (CMT-WAAM) in CMT mode, CMT-P mode CMT-Advance mode. Studying effects three characteristics on voltage current waveforms behaviors deposition processes for GWZ941 alloy. The macro morphology, defect distribution, microstructure, mechanical properties as-deposited samples were compared. deposit CMT-WAAM exhibits uniform equiaxed grain structure whose average size was 11.9 μm, 13.9 7.9 with porosity less than 0.01%. UTS EL 257 ± 4 MPa 7.5 1%, 230 8 3.5 253 2 7.0 0.3%, respectively. presence oxide particles formed CMT-WAAM, content is 0.08%, which main influencing factor reduced strength plasticity

Язык: Английский

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Effect of heat treatment on microstructure evolution and strengthening-toughening behavior of high-strength Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy fabricated by wire-arc additive manufacturing

Journal of Materials Research and Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 31, С. 1896 - 1911

Опубликована: Июнь 28, 2024

Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy is an important lightweight material in the aerospace field. Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) provides a new route to fabricate large Mg components. Here, Mg-8Gd-4Y–1Zn-0.5Zr (wt.%) was fabricated using WAAM based on cold metal transfer (CMT) process. Subsequently, short-time solid solution + aging treatment designed tailor microstructure. In as-fabricated condition, microstructure mainly consisted of fine α-Mg, network (Mg,Zn)3(Gd,Y) eutectic phase, and lamellar γ′ basal precipitate. After 500 °C-1 h solution, phase rapidly dissolved, long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) formed, grain maintained. Due good deformation capacity grains kinking LPSO ductility significantly improved from 5.2 ± 0.4% 15.5 1.1%. further 200 °C-64 artificial aging, dense β′ prismatic precipitates formed. Thanks synergistic strengthening precipitates, yield strength 242 4 MPa achieved. However, inhibited, resulting drastic decrease 6.1 0.5%. Overall, combination CMT-based WAAM-processed under optimized heat regime can be superior those cast alloys with similar contents Gd Y elements. This work guide performance optimization for alloys.

Язык: Английский

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Investigation of microstructure and mechanical properties of GWZ1031K alloy additively manufactured by cold metal transfer-based wire-arc directed energy deposition

Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 179652 - 179652

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy fabricated by cold metal transfer wire arc additive manufacturing

Journal of Materials Research and Technology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 27, С. 5805 - 5821

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) offers significant advantages in rapid of complex integral parts. In this study, Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy deposited walls were fabricated by cold metal transfer (CMT) based WAAM. The interface bonding relationship between the zone and substrate was studied, as well effect microstructure on mechanical properties. precipitated phase Mg24Y5 mainly distributed at grain boundary found walls, nano-scale contact diffusion formed β-Mg24Y5 α-Mg (OR: [001]β-Mg24Y5//[10 1¯ 0]α-Mg), a portion 18 R-LPSO to 14H-LPSO transition occurred zone. each layer metal, bottom had higher cooling rate than top zone, which led supersaturation rare earth elements. phases different deposition layers showed decreasing trend from due multiple thermal cycles process. Compared with cast alloy, properties (UTS, YS EL) WAAM significantly increased. ultimate tensile strength along travel direction 227.27 MPa, elongation 8.08 %.

Язык: Английский

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Achieving excellent strength–ductility combination of Al-aided Mg–Gd–Al–Zr–Zn alloys fabricated by cold metal transfer-based wire-arc directed energy deposition via uniform equiaxed grains and multiple precipitates

Thin-Walled Structures, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 201, С. 111980 - 111980

Опубликована: Май 7, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Comprehensive study on the differences in microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Li alloy fabricated by additive manufacturing, casting, and rolling

Journal of Materials Research and Technology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 31, С. 4128 - 4138

Опубликована: Июль 1, 2024

In order to explore the forming mechanism of direct energy deposition magnesium-lithium alloy wire with high lithium content, this study introduces a novel approach utilizing Cold Metal Transfer Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (CMT-WAAM) successfully fabricate thin-walled structures LA103Z Mg–Li alloy. A comprehensive comparison was conducted evaluate microstructure and mechanical properties different regions on CMT-WAAM samples, in addition cast rolled samples. The samples is mainly composed β-Li phase fine needle shaped α-Mg phase, exhibiting notable divergence from observed It noteworthy that along direction exhibited significant variability but no anisotropy discerned scanning directions. discrepancies across are predominantly attributed variations grain size, size proportion secondary phases, which related low heat input cooling rate process. mean tensile strength 159.5 MPa, marking respective increase 30.7% 13.9% compared These findings underscore outstanding conventionally formed This provides insights into additive manufacturing dual-phase alloys for large-scale complex structures.

Язык: Английский

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Revealing the microstructural evolution and strengthening mechanism of Mg-5.5Gd-3Y-1Zn-0.5Mn alloy in centrifugal casting and subsequent hot rolling

Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 984, С. 173950 - 173950

Опубликована: Фев. 22, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Customized heat treatment process enabled excellent mechanical properties in wire arc additively manufactured Mg-RE-Zn-Zr alloys

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 6(4), С. 045006 - 045006

Опубликована: Май 8, 2024

Abstract Customized heat treatment is essential for enhancing the mechanical properties of additively manufactured metallic materials, especially alloys with complex phase constituents and heterogenous microstructure. However, interrelated evolutions different microstructure features make it difficult to establish optimal processes. Herein, we proposed a method customized process exploration establishment overcome this challenge such kind alloys, wire arc (WAAM) Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy layered heterostructure was used feasibility verification. Through method, microstructures (fine grain, controllable amount long period stacking ordered (LPSO) structure nano-scale β ′ precipitates) corresponding processes (520 °C/30 min + 200 °C/48 h) were obtained achieve good combination high strength 364 MPa considerable elongation 6.2%, which surpassed those other state-of-the-art WAAM-processed Mg alloys. Furthermore, evidenced that favorable effect undeformed LPSO structures on emphasized only when precipitates present. It believed findings promote application magnesium workpieces help materials.

Язык: Английский

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