Risks and Benefits of Intermittent Fasting for the Aging Cardiovascular System

Canadian Journal of Cardiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 40(8), С. 1445 - 1457

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024

Population aging and the associated increase in cardiovascular disease rates pose serious threats to global public health. Different forms of fasting have become an increasingly attractive strategy directly address potentially limit or delay onset diseases. A growing number experimental studies clinical trials indicate that amount timing food intake as well daily time window during which is consumed, are crucial determinants Indeed, intermittent counteracts molecular hallmarks promotes different aspects cardiometabolic health, including blood pressure glycemic control, body weight reduction. Here, we summarize current evidence from randomized on composition metabolic risk factors. Moreover, critically discuss preventive therapeutic potential fasting, but also possible detrimental effects context related disease. We delve into physiological mechanisms through might improve raise important factors consider design examining efficacy reduce major adverse events among aged individuals at high conclude despite interest both lay scientific communities health-improving further research efforts appropriate caution warranted before broadly implementing regimens, especially elderly.

Язык: Английский

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Time Restricted Eating: A Valuable Alternative to Calorie Restriction for Addressing Obesity?

Current Obesity Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Calorie restriction and calorie-restriction mimetics activate chaperone-mediated autophagy

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 121(26)

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2024

Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is part of the mammalian cellular proteostasis network that ensures protein quality control, maintenance proteome homeostasis, and changes required for adaptation to stress. Loss one hallmarks aging. CMA decreases with age in multiple rodent tissues human cell types. A decrease lysosomal levels lysosome-associated membrane type 2A (LAMP2A), receptor, has been identified as a main reason declined Here, we report constitutive activation calorie restriction (CR), an intervention extends healthspan, old livers vitro model CR cultured fibroblasts. We found CR-mediated upregulation due improved stability LAMP2A at lysosome membrane. also explore translational value our observations using calorie-restriction mimetics (CRMs), pharmacologically active substances reproduce biochemical functional effects CR. show acute treatment mice CRMs robustly activates several this higher resistance lipid dietary challenges conferred by CRMs. conclude beneficial associated CR/CRMs could be consequence mediated these interventions.

Язык: Английский

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METFORMIN: FROM DIABETES TO CANCER TO PROLONGATION OF LIFE

Pharmacological Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 208, С. 107367 - 107367

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2024

The metformin molecule dates back to over a century, but its clinical use started in the '50s. Since then, diabetics has grown constantly, with 150 million users today. therapeutic profile also expanded, improved understanding of novel mechanisms. Metformin major activity on insulin resistance, by acting receptors and mitochondria, most likely activation adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase. These associated mechanisms lead significant lipid lowering body weight loss. An anti-cancer action come up recent years, partly dependent mitochondrial phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase resistance occurring some malignant tumors. potential raise life-length is object large ongoing studies several basic investigations. present review article will attempt investigate behind these diverse activities benefits. may act transcriptional histone modification, DNA methylation miRNAs. age-associated inflammation (inflammaging) occur via nuclear factor erythroid 2 related changes gut microbiota. A senolytic activity, leading reduction cells senescent secretory phenotype, be crucial lifespan prolongation as well ancillary properties diseases, such Parkinson's disease. Telomere respiratory 1 peroxisome gamma proliferator coactivator 1-alpha. Very observations severe neurological disorders, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis frontotemporal dementia, have raised considerable hope.

Язык: Английский

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Yeast cells experience chronological life span extension under prolonged glucose starvation

Heliyon, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 11(4), С. e42898 - e42898

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The Role of the Urea Cycle in the Alzheimer's Disease Brain

Journal of Neurochemistry, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 169(3)

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2025

ABSTRACT Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder classified as the leading form of dementia in elderly. Classical hallmarks AD pathology believed to cause include Amyloid‐beta (Aβ) plaques well neurofibrillary tau tangles (NTT). However, research into these classical has failed account for causative link or therapeutic success. More recently, metabolic have become popular avenue research. Elevated urea and ammonia detected cases point towards dysfunctional cycle involved AD. This review covers expansive body literature surrounding work researchers deciphering role through study enzymes, metabolites, transporters brain. Urea enzymes interest OTC, NOS isoforms, ARG1, ARG2, MAOB, ODC, which all present promising targets. metabolites indicated varying concentrations across regions brain different cell types (neurons, microglia, astrocytes). Finally, UT‐B clearance modulator presents this protein key target In future, pathways, proteins relating should be further investigated better understand cell‐specific profiles uncover their potential. image

Язык: Английский

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Ferroptosis and pathogenesis of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's Disease

Pharmacological Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 77(1), С. 100005 - 100005

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2024

Neuritic plaques are pathognomonic and terminal lesions of Alzheimer disease (AD). They embody AD pathogenesis because they harbor in one space critical pathologic features the disease: amyloid deposits, neurofibrillary degeneration, neuroinflammation, iron accumulation. thought to arise from conversion diffuse extracellular deposits amyloid-β protein (Aβ), it is believed that during conversion, toxicity creates dystrophic neurites neuritic plaques, as well tangles However, recent evidence human postmortem studies suggests a much different mechanism plaque formation, where first step their creation neuronal degeneration driven by overload ferroptosis. Similarly, represent corpses iron-laden neurons develop independently Aβ deposits. In this review, we will focus on role free redox-active development typical pathology, determined largely obtained temporal lobe early, preclinical stages AD. The findings have allowed construction scheme brain center stage involved every sequence events produce characteristic pathology. We discuss how study has produced fresh revised assessment may be important for reconsidering current therapeutic efforts guiding future ones. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review offers novel perspective elevated plays central throughout lesions. Herein, arguments against cascade theory explain humans early support iron-mediated cell death endogenous containment mechanisms components formation ensuing dementia.

Язык: Английский

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Fasting and Autophagy and Its Effect on Health

IntechOpen eBooks, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 13, 2025

Intermittent fasting, a cleansing activity that severely restricts calorie intake, is an effective means of activating autophagy. As dietary pattern, intermittent fasting can delay aging and reduce the risk age-related diseases. helps maintain homeostasis body through series hormonal metabolic changes, protecting variety diseases preventing chronic And it has been shown to improve efficacy weight loss obesity-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease health indicators. There are still some challenges in area fasting’s effects, further long-term clinical studies needed.

Язык: Английский

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Short-Term Fasting Induces Hepatocytes’ Stress Response and Increases Their Resilience

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(3), С. 999 - 999

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025

Fasting leads to a range of metabolic adaptations that have developed through evolution, as humans and other mammals unequal access food over the circadian cycle are therefore adapted fasting feeding cycles. We investigated role single episode in rats triggering stress response liver hepatocytes. Since responses were observed both animals isolated cells, we whether effects animal stressor could persist cells after isolation. By measuring staurosporine-induced apoptosis, signalling, oxidative antioxidant hepatocytes from fasted ad libitum-fed animals, found only elicited prevented caspase-9 activation persisted cells. The addition glucose oxidase, hydrogen peroxide-producing enzyme, also led phenotype caspase-9. A thus normal hepatocytes, with peroxide second messenger reduces initiation apoptosis. This finding is first characterisation mechanism underlying provides basis for development methods increase resilience These findings need be taken into account when interpreting results obtained cell research models overnight used many laboratory protocols. form clinical applications resistance transplants improve fitness under acute conditions some diseases.

Язык: Английский

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Chikusetsu saponin IVa attenuates aging by improving autophagy and mitophagy

Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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