It
is
a
time-consuming
and
laborious
process
to
obtain
the
water
surface
evaporation
of
evaporator
by
traditional
method
guide
farmland
irrigation.
In
addition,
natural
rainfall
will
seriously
affect
detection
evaporation,
error
caused
manual
operation
also
lead
reduction
accuracy.
To
solve
above
problems,
an
online
remote
control
system
based
on
pulse
counting
principle
developed.
The
developed
includes
client
subsystem,
cloud
irrigation
subsystem.
realizes
functions
accurate
filling,
rainproofing,
irrigation,
so
on.
Arduino
Mega2560
Uno
development
boards
are
adopted
as
regular
primary
core
system.
level
calculated
number
pulses
sent
when
infrared
probe
moves
from
initial
position
change
its
state
after
touching
surface.
GPRS
Data
Transfer
Unit
(DTU),
data
transmission
module,
establishes
communication
between
subsystem
subsystem;
micro-pump
replenishes
evaporator,
rain
sensor
senses
whether
it
rains,
meter
counts
irrigated
volume
in
real-time.
programmable
Wi-Fi
relay
was
used
hibernation
circuit.
results
showed
that:
1)
range
10-70
mm
level,
highly
linearly
correlated
with
R2
=
1.
2)
Compared
method,
relative
0.59
1.80%.
device
stable
reliable,
success
rate
100%
every
operation.
3)
this
saves
time,
simplifies
steps,
removes
geographical
restrictions,
eliminates
influence
measurement.
4)
After
addition
relays,
system’s
energy
consumption
reduced
86.36%.
5)
field
test
that
can
run
stably
reliably
for
long
standard
deviations
were
small.
proposed
saved
18
minutes
45
seconds
(79.4%)
operating
time.
This
research
provide
new
ideas
solution
intelligent
systems.
Water,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
16(12), С. 1685 - 1685
Опубликована: Июнь 13, 2024
Water
use
efficiency
measures
are
generally
recommended
to
reduce
water
use.
Yet,
flood
irrigation
practices
in
high-elevation
mountain
valleys
of
the
Colorado
River
Basin
headwaters
generate
return
flows,
which
support
late-season
streamflow
and
groundwater
recharge.
Return
flows
ecosystem
provide
recreational
benefits.
This
study
provides
a
framework
for
quantifying
how
land-use
changes
associated
flow
patterns
affect
economic
value
across
uses
hydrologically
connected,
shallow
alluvial
aquifer
system.
first
investigates
could
change
under
three
alternatives
irrigation:
an
increased
center
pivots,
residential
development,
conversion
pasture.
The
brown
trout
was
used
as
indicator
species
track
eco-hydrology,
flow,
capacity
activities
each
alternative.
Estimates
from
non-market
valuation
literature
coupled
with
predicted
productivity
approximate
angler
value.
Recreational
values
highest
inclusion
agricultural
alters
magnitude
returns
but
not
rankings.
These
results
highlight
potential
heterogeneity
conclusions
be
drawn
regarding
efficiency,
depending
on
different
degree
hydrologic
connectivity.
also
highlights
data
gaps
modeling
needs
conducting
similar
future
analyses.
It
is
a
time-consuming
and
laborious
process
to
obtain
the
water
surface
evaporation
of
evaporator
by
traditional
method
guide
farmland
irrigation.
In
addition,
natural
rainfall
will
seriously
affect
detection
evaporation,
error
caused
manual
operation
also
lead
reduction
accuracy.
To
solve
above
problems,
an
online
remote
control
system
based
on
pulse
counting
principle
developed.
The
developed
includes
client
subsystem,
cloud
irrigation
subsystem.
realizes
functions
accurate
filling,
rainproofing,
irrigation,
so
on.
Arduino
Mega2560
Uno
development
boards
are
adopted
as
regular
primary
core
system.
level
calculated
number
pulses
sent
when
infrared
probe
moves
from
initial
position
change
its
state
after
touching
surface.
GPRS
Data
Transfer
Unit
(DTU),
data
transmission
module,
establishes
communication
between
subsystem
subsystem;
micro-pump
replenishes
evaporator,
rain
sensor
senses
whether
it
rains,
meter
counts
irrigated
volume
in
real-time.
programmable
Wi-Fi
relay
was
used
hibernation
circuit.
results
showed
that:
1)
range
10-70
mm
level,
highly
linearly
correlated
with
R2
=
1.
2)
Compared
method,
relative
0.59
1.80%.
device
stable
reliable,
success
rate
100%
every
operation.
3)
this
saves
time,
simplifies
steps,
removes
geographical
restrictions,
eliminates
influence
measurement.
4)
After
addition
relays,
system’s
energy
consumption
reduced
86.36%.
5)
field
test
that
can
run
stably
reliably
for
long
standard
deviations
were
small.
proposed
saved
18
minutes
45
seconds
(79.4%)
operating
time.
This
research
provide
new
ideas
solution
intelligent
systems.
