Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk: Systematic Intervention Is the Key for Prevention

Healthcare, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(6), С. 902 - 902

Опубликована: Март 21, 2023

Obesity is a serious public health issue and associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease events mortality. The complications directly related to excess body fat mass ectopic deposition, but also other obesity-related such as pre-type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnoea, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Body index waist circumference are used classify patient overweight or obese stratify risk. Physical activity diet, despite being key points in preventing adverse reducing risk, not always successful strategies. Pharmacological treatments for weight reduction promising strategies, restricted by possible safety issues cost. Nonetheless, these improvements factors, studies ongoing better evaluate outcomes. Bariatric surgery effective the incidence death myocardial infarction stroke. Cardiac rehabilitation programs patients improve quality life, exercise capacity. aim this review was critically analyze current role future aspects lifestyle changes, medical surgical treatments, cardiac patients, reduce mortality, highlight need multidisciplinary approach improving

Язык: Английский

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Coatings for Cardiovascular Stents—An Up-to-Date Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(2), С. 1078 - 1078

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) increasingly burden health systems and patients worldwide, necessitating the improved awareness of current treatment possibilities development more efficient therapeutic strategies. When plaque deposits narrow arteries, standard care implies insertion a stent at lesion site. The most promising in cardiovascular stents has been release medications from these stents. However, use drug-eluting (DESs) is still challenged by in-stent restenosis occurrence. DESs’ long-term clinical success depends on several parameters, including degradability polymers, drug profiles, platforms, coating metals their alloys that are employed as metal frames Thus, it critical to investigate new approaches optimize suitable DESs solve problems with inflammatory response, delayed endothelialization, sub-acute thrombosis. As certain advancements have reported literature, this review aims present latest updates coatings field for Specifically, there described various organic (e.g., synthetic natural polymer-based coatings, coated directly drugs, containing endothelial cells) inorganic metallic nonmetallic materials) options, aiming create an updated framework would serve inception point future research.

Язык: Английский

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Explosion of formulaic research articles, including inappropriate study designs and false discoveries, based on the NHANES US national health database

PLoS Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 23(5), С. e3003152 - e3003152

Опубликована: Май 8, 2025

With the growth of artificial intelligence (AI)-ready datasets such as National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), new opportunities for data-driven research are being created, but also generating risks data exploitation by paper mills. In this work, we focus on two areas potential concern AI-supported efforts. First, describe production large numbers formulaic single-factor analyses, relating single predictors to specific health conditions, where multifactorial approaches would be more appropriate. Employing removes context from research, fails capture interactions, avoids false discovery correction, is an approach that can easily adopted Second, identify selective usage, analyzing limited date ranges or cohort subsets without clear justification, suggestive dredging, post-hoc hypothesis formation. Using a systematic literature search identified 341 NHANES-derived papers published over past decade, each proposing association between predictor condition wide range contained within NHANES. We found evidence failed take account relationships, manuscripts did not discoveries, researchers selectively extracted NHANES rather than utilizing full available. Given explosion AI-assisted productivity in (the strategy used here average 4 per annum 2014 2021, 190 2024–9 October alone), highlight set best practices address these concerns, aimed at researchers, controllers, publishers, peer reviewers, encourage improved statistical mitigate mills using workflows introduce low-quality scientific literature.

Язык: Английский

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Identification of Interactive Genetic Loci Linked to Insulin Resistance in Metabolic Syndrome—An Update

Medicina, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 61(1), С. 83 - 83

Опубликована: Янв. 7, 2025

Metabolic syndrome is a metabolic disorder characterized by hypertension, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and abdominal obesity. Impaired insulin action or resistance initiates syndrome. The prevalence of increasing all over the world. Insulin results in defective metabolism carbohydrates lipids, addition to low-grade chronic inflammation. associated with syndrome, which risk factor for number pathological conditions, such as Type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD), polycystic ovarian (PCOS). Genome-wide association studies have increased our understanding many loci linked these diseases others. In this review, we discuss its contribution diseases. We also genetic them. Genetic testing invaluable identification stratification susceptible populations and/or individuals. After individuals been identified via screening, lifestyle modifications regular exercise, weight loss, healthy diet, smoking cessation can reduce prevent pathologies.

Язык: Английский

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Assessment of Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers for Predicting of Patients with Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(3), С. 755 - 755

Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2025

Background/Objectives: Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis is usually detected by physicians in patients, coincidentally, during an ultrasound examination of the neck. Therefore, measurable biomarkers blood are needed to define presence and severity atherosclerotic plaque patients identify manage it. We hypothesized that indicate pathways related pathogenesis atherosclerosis could be used plaque. For this purpose, levels participants’ inflammatory oxidative stress were determined. Kynurenine/tryptophan neopterin measured as relatively new inflammation study. Methods: Our study included 57 diagnosed with asymptomatic 28 healthy volunteers. Blood kynurenine tryptophan LCMS/MS. catalase, total superoxide dismutase (t-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde, using ELISA assay method. Result: The kynurenine/tryptophan ratio reflecting IDO activity was higher than Decreased increased observed who underwent endarterectomy. In t-SOD, malondialdehyde higher, while GPx lower. These differences found more significant Conclusions: Increased associated status patients. Oxidative can considered effective diagnostic indicators for stenosis.

Язык: Английский

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Cardiovascular Disease in the Post-COVID-19 Era: A Narrative Review on the Impact of Lifestyle Behaviors

Heart and Mind, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Янв. 28, 2025

Abstract Responsible for ~18 million global deaths annually, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality that negatively affects population health well-being. Despite increased knowledge advancements in medicine, technology, an array initiatives to slow the prevalence CVD across world recent decades, future projections wider societal economic impacts are alarming. It outlined this review little progress being made against series landmark that, postpandemic world, we might need consider innovative approaches tackle unprecedented growth prevalence. To address sustained reductions positive behaviors which coupled with established rise risk factors events following infections severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, there urgent public challenge lies ahead. Accordingly, must establish bespoke systems can recognize complexity interactive interdisciplinary nature chronic diseases. Future heed learning from many previous unsuccessful have not been appropriately monitored or evaluated. Establishing aligning international collaborative clear mandate oversee development implementation analysis surveillance interventions needed spiraling prevalence, healthcare costs, morbidity, mortality.

Язык: Английский

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Global, Regional, and National Burden of Ischemic Heart Disease Attributable to 25 Risk Factors and Their Summary Exposure Value Across 204 Countries With Different Socio-Demographic Index Levels, 1990–2021: A Systematic Fixed-Effects Analysis and Comparative Study

Clinical Epidemiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер Volume 17, С. 105 - 129

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

A systematic relational assessment of the global, regional, and national Ischemic heart disease (IHD) burden its attributable risk factors is essential for developing more targeted prevention intervention strategies. The GBD 2021 comparative framework was employed to evaluate stroke environmental, behavioral, metabolic, dietary factors, a total 25 were included. Specifically, we used joinpoint regression model, decomposition analysis, fixed-effects analysis reveal IHD these their exposure value across 204 countries territories with different socio-demographic index (SDI) levels from perspectives. Joinpoint revealed similar trends in summary (SEV) burdens factors. From 1990 2021, SEV rankings increased 12/25 decreased 10/25, remained unchanged 3/25. Decomposition indicated that low SDI experienced most significant increase due population growth, while upper-middle high affected by aging, demonstrated greatest reduction attributed epidemiological changes. Panel data elucidated impact SEV, SDI, quality-of-care (QCI) on burden. This study emphasizing critical role factor control. Tailored interventions exploration country-specific are crucial effectively reducing global

Язык: Английский

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The Global Burden of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults

The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 3, 2025

Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) persist as formidable contributors to global mortality and pose substantial challenges public health. Most estimates have been attributed heart attack stroke. Despite increased awareness, the burden of CVDs continues increase. Objective This review describes risk factors in adults, according World Health Organization’s (WHO) defined regions. Methods A mapping methodology was used. PubMed, Scopus, Wiley, WHO Global Observatory data repository, American Heart Association, National Forum for Disease Stroke Prevention, Centers Control European Commission, Eurostat, Society Cardiology, Federation, Google Scholar were searched using free text search terms: cardiovascular diseases/CVDs, burden, incidence, prevalence, prevention, factor. Results Ischemic disease predominated Americas, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, whereas stroke more common Africa, Southeast Asia, Western Pacific. Premature deaths occur populations with low socioeconomic status. Several well-known are preventable, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, air pollution, obesity, smoking, lack physical activity, unhealthy dietary intake. Emerging include excessive or sleep, depression, social isolation, air/noise exposure extreme sunshine, arsenic, lead, cadmium, copper. Conclusions The its vary greatly demographics geographical region. Addressing requires multifaceted strategies, region-specific interventions, addressing inequalities, adopting life-course management, strengthening healthcare workforce, improving health literacy.

Язык: Английский

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Ezetimibe plus statin combination versus double-dose statin in patients with dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 randomized controlled trials

Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 10

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Long-term exposure to air pollution and the blood lipid levels of healthy young men

Environment International, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 161, С. 107119 - 107119

Опубликована: Фев. 2, 2022

There is insufficient evidence of an association between long-term exposure to air pollution and changes in blood lipid levels, assessments may be influenced by residual confounding factors, such as socioeconomic status. To investigate the associations profiles while controlling for risk factors. We conducted a study involving conscripted Korean soldiers assess levels. The soldiers, who were randomly distributed among military units throughout country, led homogenous lives subjected health checkups 8–12 months post-enlistment. analyzed data pertaining those enlisted underwent 2019 (n = 12,778) using linear mixed models. Additionally, we evaluated quantile-specific quantile regression also assessed interactions based on body mass index (BMI) at time enlistment (≥25.0 vs. < 25.0 kg/m2). models revealed that 10-µg/m3 increase fine particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels −0.66% (95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.21, −0.10), 10-ppb nitrogen dioxide (NO2) increased total (TC) 1.04% CI: 0.24, 1.84). In models, found specific deciles. PM2.5 contributed higher TC, NO2 resulted triglycerides lower HDL-C, ozone (O3) HDL-C. O3 TC differed according BMI (p-value interaction 0.03); with ≥ kg/m2, 1.09% 0.20, 1.09). These results shed new light importance pollution, which can contribute abnormal independent factor cardiovascular disease.

Язык: Английский

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