Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown, С. 4772 - 4779
Опубликована: Май 4, 2024
Minerals
are
nutrients
that
needed
in
macro
and
micro
amounts
to
guarantee
proper
body
function.
They
obtaineable
from
plant
natural
sources.
There
has
been
continuous
change
climatic
conditions
this
resulted
low
yield,
pest
infestation,
loss
of
farm
land,
concomitant
income
generated
vegetables
consumed
regularly.
The
regular
cuisines
becoming
scarce
expensive
with
many
households
not
aware
possible
sources
suitable
substitute
complement
supplement
mineral
requirements.
This
study
examined
the
composition
some
indigenous
leafy
can
be
by
humans
as
an
alternate
source
mineral.
Colocasia
esculenta
(red
Cocoyam),
Laportea
aestuans
(L)
(Tropical
nettle
weed),
Daucus
carota
L
(Carrot
leaves),
Manihot
esculenta,
Crantz
(Cassava
leaves)
Sesamum
indicum
(Sesame
were
collected
authenticated.
Inductively
coupled
Plasma-Optical
Emission
Spectrometry
was
used
analyse
each
leaves.
Microminerals
like
Boron,
Copper,
Iron,
Manganese,
Silicon,
Zinc
present
amount
sufficient
fufill
daily
required
intake
when
100
g
consumed.
Macrominerals
Calcium,
Magnesium,
Potassium,
Sodium
also
observed
quantities
able
supply
recommended
allowance
on
consumption
plant.
plants
rich
minerals
therefore
should
explored
further
prospective
for
humans.
Zinc
is
a
multipurpose
trace
element
for
the
human
body,
as
it
plays
crucial
part
in
various
physiological
processes,
such
cell
growth
and
development,
metabolism,
cognitive,
reproductive,
immune
system
function.
Its
significance
health
widely
acknowledged,
this
has
led
scientific
community
towards
more
research
that
aims
to
uncover
all
of
its
beneficial
properties,
especially
when
compared
other
essential
metal
ions.
One
notable
area
where
zinc
shown
effects
prevention
treatment
diseases,
including
cancer.
This
review
explain
involvement
specific
conditions
cancer,
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
neurological
disorders
like
Alzheimer's
disease,
well
impact
on
gut
microbiome.
Annals of Medicine and Surgery,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
79
Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2022
From
many
decades,
emerging
infections
have
threatened
humanity.
The
pandemics
caused
by
different
CoVs
already
claimed
and
will
continue
to
claim
millions
of
lives.
SARS,
Ebola,
MERS
epidemics
the
most
recent
emergence
COVID-19
pandemic
populations
across
borders.
Since
a
highly
pathogenic
CoV
has
been
evolved
into
human
population
in
twenty-first
century
known
as
scientific
advancements
innovative
methods
tackle
these
viruses
increased
order
improve
response
preparedness
towards
unpredictable
threat
posed
rapidly
pathogens.
Recently
published
review
articles
on
SARS-CoV-2
mainly
focused
its
pathogenesis,
epidemiology
available
treatments.
However,
this
review,
we
done
systematic
comparison
all
three
i.e.,
along
with
Ebola
Zika
terms
their
epidemiology,
virology,
clinical
features
current
treatment
strategies.
This
focuses
important
RNA
starting
from
Zika,
which
include
SARS-CoV-2.
Each
elaborated
basis
virulence,
transmission
treatment.
special
attention
given
disease
it
due
havoc
worldwide.
At
end,
insights
understanding
lessons
learned
previous
combat
described.
travel-related
viral
spread,
unprecedented
nosocomial
outbreaks
high
case-fatality
rates
associated
transmissible
highlight
need
for
new
prophylactic
therapeutic
actions
but
are
not
limited
indicators,
contact
tracing,
laboratory
investigations
factors
that
be
taken
account
arrive
at
final
conclusion.
Biology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
12(4), С. 514 - 514
Опубликована: Март 29, 2023
Zinc
is
a
powerful
immunomodulatory
trace
element,
and
its
deficiency
in
the
body
closely
associated
with
changes
immune
functions
viral
infections,
including
SARS-CoV-2,
virus
responsible
for
COVID-19.
The
creation
of
new
forms
zinc
delivery
to
target
cells
can
make
it
possible
obtain
smart
chains
food
ingredients.
Recent
evidence
supports
idea
that
optimal
intake
or
bioactive
compounds
appropriate
supplements
should
be
considered
as
part
strategy
generate
an
response
human
body.
Therefore,
controlling
amount
this
element
diet
especially
important
populations
at
risk
deficiency,
who
are
more
susceptible
severe
progression
infection
disease,
such
Convergent
approaches
micro-
nano-encapsulation
develop
ways
treat
bioavailable.
It
has
been
three
years
since
the
outbreak
of
Coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
at
end
in
Wuhan,
China,
which
is
caused
by
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2).
So
far,
over
six
million
people
around
world
have
died
COVID-19
(Murakami
et
al.,
2023).
With
huge
efforts
from
both
academic
and
industrial
organizations
worldwide,
development
various
types
vaccines
several
new
drugs
made
situation
significantly
improved
to
fight
against
virus
Regarding
medicines
or
treatments
approved
Food
Drug
Administration,
USA,
so
they
include
anti-inflammatory
agents
(e.g.,
dexamethasone
Baricitinib),
anti-SARS-CoV-2
(neutralizing)
monoclonal
antibody
(mAbs),
antivirals
(Remdesivir,
Paxlovid,
Molnupiravir),
antithrombotics.
The
mAbs
can
bind
viral
spike
proteins,
block
attachment
host
cell
surface
therefore
reducing
load.
Remdesivir
an
inhibitor
RNA-dependent
RNA-polymerase
(RdRp),
essential
genome
replication.
Paxlovid
a
combination
Nirmatrelvir
Ritonavir,
acts
as
oral
SARS-CoV-2
Mpro
(or
3CL)
protease
stop
replication
strong
cytochrome
P450
3A4
booster
pharmacokinetics
Nirmatrelvir,
respectively
However,
mutant
variants
coronaviruses
are
emerging,
could
cause
loss
efficacy
vaccines,
mAbs,
small
molecule
antiviral
drugs,
exposing
elderly
those
with
chronic
conditions,
such
diabetes
cancers.
Moreover,
many
expensive
not
easily
available
developing
countries.
Therefore,
novel
effective
therapies,
affordable
management,
phytochemicals,
highly
desirable.
Plants,
including
food
traditional
herbs,
benefited
human
beings
thousands
years.
To
coronavirus,
herbal
explored
treat
COVID
patients
across
world.
Many
nutrients
play
important
roles
boosting
immune
system
and/or
tract
infections
(Omer
2022).
For
example,
Zinc
antioxidant
mineral
(Dhawan
2022),
vitamin
D
(Wimalawansa,
2022)
exhibit
immunomodulatory
properties.
Honey,
rich
bioactive
compounds,
recommended
National
Health
Service,
England
ease
cough
(www.nhs.uk).
Numerous
phytochemicals
flavonoids
quercetin
apples,
onions,
parsley,
sage),
kaempferol
(spinach
kale),
isoliquiritigenin
(soybean
shallots),
tangeretin
(tangerine),
baicalein
(Scutellaria
baicalensis,
Huang-qin)
(Song
2021)
(Figure
1)
shown
be
inhibitors
similar
mechanism
(Mandal
2021).
Other
phenolics
epigallocatechin
gallate
(green
tea)
hesperidin
(citrus
fruits)
inhibit
RdRp
activity
way
(Bahun
2022;
Omer
Thymoquinone
(TQ,
Figure
major
compound
N.
sativa,
black
cumin
seed
(Johnson-Ajinwo
&
Li,
2014).
shows
antiviral,
antimalarial,
anticancer
2018),
anti-inflammatory,
(Ahmad
2020;
Khazdair
activities.
Various
reviews
relating
TQ
sativa
published
(Abdelrahim
Ahmad
He
Islam
2021;
Kulyar
Taysi
Here,
this
update
focused
on
its
direct
applications
targeting
silico,
vitro,
vivo,
clinical
trials.
Docking
studies
suggested
angiotensin-converting
enzyme
(ACE2)
receptor
proteins
(Jakhmola
Mani
Srivastava
Xu
sheddase
ADAM7
(a
membrane-bound
metalloprotease)
associated
modulation
ACE2
(He
thus
blocking
entry
cells.
Further
show
that
binds
via
interaction
active
site
(His41
Cys145)
Glu166
(Abdallah
Khan
2024;
Ullah
unsubstituted
quinone
inherent
reactivity
free
cysteine
thiol
addition
reaction
(Li
2005;
Lu
2010).
covalently
cysteines
hemoglobin
(unpublished).
Thus,
it
likely
also
catalytic
(Cys145)
residue
does.
was
found
SARS-CoV
after
infecting
HEK293-ACE2
cells,
IC50
5.0
7.6
μM,
(Xu
relatively
high
cytotoxicity
vitro
assessment
(hCoV-19/Egypt/NRC-03/2020)
inhibits
four
further
(Omicron,
614D,
Delta,
UK,
Brazil)
infection
cells
value
range
between
1
3
µM
(Bencheqroun
Compared
nanomolar
(Rosales
these
values
seem
much
greater.
Future
structure
modification
2018)
use
other
enhance
activity.
showed
protective
effects
kidney
damage
(AKI)
septic
BALB/c
mice
cecal
ligation
puncture
(Guo
2020).
there
no
reported
effect
oils/extracts
-infected
animal
models.
A
phase
I
trial
study
TQ-rich
oil
(containing
5%
TQ)
safe
200
mg/adult/day
(Thomas
II
adult
mild
carried
out
Saudi
Arabia
(clinicaltrials.gov,
Identifier:
NCT04401202
on)
(Koshak
total
173
patients,
average
age
36
±
11
years,
were
randomly
divided
into
treatment
group
(86)
control
(87).
treated
two
(NSO,
500
mg)
capsules
per
day
for
10
days,
whilst
received
standard
percentages
recovered
groups
62%
(mean
duration
recovery,
10.7
3.2
days)
36%
(12.3
2.8
days),
respectively.
These
results
indicated
NSO
faster
recovery
symptoms
than
usual
care
alone.
using
honey
seeds
(HNS)
moderate
April
July
2020
Pakistan
(ClinicalTrials.gov;
NCT04347382).
Among
cases,
210
assigned
either
receive
(1
g/kg/day),
(80
mg/kg/day),
care,
placebo
along
care.
50
given
HNS
53
placebo.
~50%
decrease
time
taken
improve
compared
(moderate
4
vs.
7
days;
Hazard
Ratio
[HR],
6.1;
p
<
0.0001
6
13
HR,
4.0;
0.0001).
cleared
earlier
cases
(6
5.5;
0.0001)
(8.5
12
4.3;
In
mortality
rate
less
25%
(4%
18.9%;
odds
ratio
(OR),
0.18;
=
0.03).
symptoms,
sped
up
load
clearance,
reduced
patients.
evaluate
safety
Persian
medicine
formula
(extract
Glycyrrhiza
glabra,
Punica
granatum,
Rheum
palmatum)
powder
among
June
September
Iran
(Registration:
Iranian
Registry
Clinical
Trials
[www.irct.ir]:
IRCT20200330046899N1).
total,
79
age,
59.1
17.1
years)
completed
trial.
combined
decreased
mean
hospitalization
days
0.4
(Setayesh
D3
alleviation
(ClinicalTrials.gov,
NCT04981743).
120
recruited
30
each.
Groups
1–4
dose
900
mg
twice
daily
14
2000
IU
D3,
none
agents,
All
therapy
same
time.
sativa–vitamin
besides
alleviated
most
symptoms.
Virus
clearing
test
quantitative
polymerase
chain
7th
14th
best
treatments,
where
OR
0.13
0.09,
(Said
randomized,
double-blind,
placebo-controlled
May
2021
USA
NCT04914377)
conducted
assess
patent
thymoquinone
(TQF)
derived
containing
1.7%
TQ.
55
symptomatic
(>18
TQF
(29)
(26).
median
time-to-sustained-clinical-response
(SCR)
versus
8
(p
0.77).
while
SCR
difference
significant,
trend
towards
benefit
encouraging.
There
significant
adverse
events
0.16),
indicating
safety,
consistent
previous
Phase
symptom
burden
0.001),
increased
cytotoxic
CD4+
0.04)
helper
CD8+
central
memory
T
lymphocytes
Four
alone
herbs
conducted.
some
benefits
treating
sativa.
quality
varied
numbers
generally
small.
content
compound-TQ
might
vary
lot
studies,
performance
different
observed.
Also,
only
single
doses
products
used.
would
good
carry
future
trials
standardized
quantifying
extract
oils
Johnson-Ajinwo
2014)
even
pure
formulation
larger
number
manner
Considering
managing
COVID-19,
preparation
determined
quantity
investigation
diseases.
Phytochemical
constituents
foods,
fruits,
spices
may
provide
preventive
adjunct
therapeutic
multiple
mechanisms.
widely
cheap
their
application
fighting
COVID-19.
Journal of Dental Sciences,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
17(4), С. 1796 - 1801
Опубликована: Июль 8, 2022
Porphyromonas
gingivalis
(P.g.)
played
a
keystone
pathogen
not
only
in
initiation
and
progression
of
periodontitis
but
also
as
risk
factor
involved
systemic
diseases
(Alzheimer's
disease,
cancers,
diabetes,
osteoporosis
etc.).
Developments
effective
safe
drugs
to
inhibit
P.g.
growth
are
urgent.
In
this
study,
we
aimed
at
approaching
novel
regimens
so
called
(PTM)
by
combination
repurposing
including
phytopolyphenols
(P)
(curcumin,
tea
polyphenols),
targeting
(T)
such
cisplatin
or
memantine
metal
ions(M)
(ZnSO4).
The
synergistic
(combination
Index
(CI)
<
1)
antiproliferation
anti-protease
efficacies
(IC50)
on
cultured
were
evaluated
OD600
colorimetric
method
respectively.
results
obtained
revealed
that
these
synergistically
index,
CI
exerted
antiproliferative
anti-gingipain
protease
effects
concentrations
for
50%
inhibition
gingipains
greatly
decreased
compared
with
those
alone.
Since
potent
anti-bacterial
both
planktonic
biofilm
P.g.,
it
is
encouraged
further
preclinical
clinical
trials.