Multifunctional role of zinc in human health: an update.

PubMed, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 22, С. 809 - 827

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Zinc is a multipurpose trace element for the human body, as it plays crucial part in various physiological processes, such cell growth and development, metabolism, cognitive, reproductive, immune system function. Its significance health widely acknowledged, this has led scientific community towards more research that aims to uncover all of its beneficial properties, especially when compared other essential metal ions. One notable area where zinc shown effects prevention treatment diseases, including cancer. This review explain involvement specific conditions cancer, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease, well impact on gut microbiome.

Язык: Английский

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Comparative overview of emerging RNA viruses: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and current treatment

Annals of Medicine and Surgery, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 79

Опубликована: Июнь 11, 2022

From many decades, emerging infections have threatened humanity. The pandemics caused by different CoVs already claimed and will continue to claim millions of lives. SARS, Ebola, MERS epidemics the most recent emergence COVID-19 pandemic populations across borders. Since a highly pathogenic CoV has been evolved into human population in twenty-first century known as scientific advancements innovative methods tackle these viruses increased order improve response preparedness towards unpredictable threat posed rapidly pathogens. Recently published review articles on SARS-CoV-2 mainly focused its pathogenesis, epidemiology available treatments. However, this review, we done systematic comparison all three i.e., along with Ebola Zika terms their epidemiology, virology, clinical features current treatment strategies. This focuses important RNA starting from Zika, which include SARS-CoV-2. Each elaborated basis virulence, transmission treatment. special attention given disease it due havoc worldwide. At end, insights understanding lessons learned previous combat described. travel-related viral spread, unprecedented nosocomial outbreaks high case-fatality rates associated transmissible highlight need for new prophylactic therapeutic actions but are not limited indicators, contact tracing, laboratory investigations factors that be taken account arrive at final conclusion.

Язык: Английский

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Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D and Zinc on Viral Infection

Biological Trace Element Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 7, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Immunomodulatory Roles of Nonvitamin Antioxidants in Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Therapy

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 65(19), С. 12562 - 12593

Опубликована: Сен. 22, 2022

Viral pathologies encompass activation of pro-oxidative pathways and inflammatory burst. Alleviating overproduction reactive oxygen species cytokine storm in COVID-19 is essential to counteract the immunogenic damage endothelium alveolar membranes. Antioxidants alleviate oxidative stress, storm, hyperinflammation, diminish risk organ failure. Direct antiviral roles imply: impact on viral spike protein, interference with ACE2 receptor, inhibition dipeptidyl peptidase 4, transmembrane protease serine 2 or furin, helicase, papain-like protease, 3-chyomotrypsin like RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Prooxidative environment favors conformational changes receptor binding domain, promoting affinity protein for host receptor. imply a vicious cycle, stress responses, vice versa. The same was noticed respect relationship antioxidant impairment-viral replication. Timing, dosage, activities, mutual influences, other antioxidants should be carefully regarded. Deficiency linked illness severity.

Язык: Английский

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Improving Dietary Zinc Bioavailability Using New Food Fortification Approaches: A Promising Tool to Boost Immunity in the Light of COVID-19

Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(4), С. 514 - 514

Опубликована: Март 29, 2023

Zinc is a powerful immunomodulatory trace element, and its deficiency in the body closely associated with changes immune functions viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, virus responsible for COVID-19. The creation of new forms zinc delivery to target cells can make it possible obtain smart chains food ingredients. Recent evidence supports idea that optimal intake or bioactive compounds appropriate supplements should be considered as part strategy generate an response human body. Therefore, controlling amount this element diet especially important populations at risk deficiency, who are more susceptible severe progression infection disease, such Convergent approaches micro- nano-encapsulation develop ways treat bioavailable.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19-induced neurological symptoms: focus on the role of metal ions

Inflammopharmacology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 31(2), С. 611 - 631

Опубликована: Март 9, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Dietary phytochemicals against COVID‐19: A focus on thymoquinone

eFood, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(2)

Опубликована: Март 15, 2023

It has been three years since the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at end in Wuhan, China, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). So far, over six million people around world have died COVID-19 (Murakami et al., 2023). With huge efforts from both academic and industrial organizations worldwide, development various types vaccines several new drugs made situation significantly improved to fight against virus Regarding medicines or treatments approved Food Drug Administration, USA, so they include anti-inflammatory agents (e.g., dexamethasone Baricitinib), anti-SARS-CoV-2 (neutralizing) monoclonal antibody (mAbs), antivirals (Remdesivir, Paxlovid, Molnupiravir), antithrombotics. The mAbs can bind viral spike proteins, block attachment host cell surface therefore reducing load. Remdesivir an inhibitor RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp), essential genome replication. Paxlovid a combination Nirmatrelvir Ritonavir, acts as oral SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (or 3CL) protease stop replication strong cytochrome P450 3A4 booster pharmacokinetics Nirmatrelvir, respectively However, mutant variants coronaviruses are emerging, could cause loss efficacy vaccines, mAbs, small molecule antiviral drugs, exposing elderly those with chronic conditions, such diabetes cancers. Moreover, many expensive not easily available developing countries. Therefore, novel effective therapies, affordable management, phytochemicals, highly desirable. Plants, including food traditional herbs, benefited human beings thousands years. To coronavirus, herbal explored treat COVID patients across world. Many nutrients play important roles boosting immune system and/or tract infections (Omer 2022). For example, Zinc antioxidant mineral (Dhawan 2022), vitamin D (Wimalawansa, 2022) exhibit immunomodulatory properties. Honey, rich bioactive compounds, recommended National Health Service, England ease cough (www.nhs.uk). Numerous phytochemicals flavonoids quercetin apples, onions, parsley, sage), kaempferol (spinach kale), isoliquiritigenin (soybean shallots), tangeretin (tangerine), baicalein (Scutellaria baicalensis, Huang-qin) (Song 2021) (Figure 1) shown be inhibitors similar mechanism (Mandal 2021). Other phenolics epigallocatechin gallate (green tea) hesperidin (citrus fruits) inhibit RdRp activity way (Bahun 2022; Omer Thymoquinone (TQ, Figure major compound N. sativa, black cumin seed (Johnson-Ajinwo & Li, 2014). shows antiviral, antimalarial, anticancer 2018), anti-inflammatory, (Ahmad 2020; Khazdair activities. Various reviews relating TQ sativa published (Abdelrahim Ahmad He Islam 2021; Kulyar Taysi Here, this update focused on its direct applications targeting silico, vitro, vivo, clinical trials. Docking studies suggested angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor proteins (Jakhmola Mani Srivastava Xu sheddase ADAM7 (a membrane-bound metalloprotease) associated modulation ACE2 (He thus blocking entry cells. Further show that binds via interaction active site (His41 Cys145) Glu166 (Abdallah Khan 2024; Ullah unsubstituted quinone inherent reactivity free cysteine thiol addition reaction (Li 2005; Lu 2010). covalently cysteines hemoglobin (unpublished). Thus, it likely also catalytic (Cys145) residue does. was found SARS-CoV after infecting HEK293-ACE2 cells, IC50 5.0 7.6 μM, (Xu relatively high cytotoxicity vitro assessment (hCoV-19/Egypt/NRC-03/2020) inhibits four further (Omicron, 614D, Delta, UK, Brazil) infection cells value range between 1 3 µM (Bencheqroun Compared nanomolar (Rosales these values seem much greater. Future structure modification 2018) use other enhance activity. showed protective effects kidney damage (AKI) septic BALB/c mice cecal ligation puncture (Guo 2020). there no reported effect oils/extracts -infected animal models. A phase I trial study TQ-rich oil (containing 5% TQ) safe 200 mg/adult/day (Thomas II adult mild carried out Saudi Arabia (clinicaltrials.gov, Identifier: NCT04401202 on) (Koshak total 173 patients, average age 36 ± 11 years, were randomly divided into treatment group (86) control (87). treated two (NSO, 500 mg) capsules per day for 10 days, whilst received standard percentages recovered groups 62% (mean duration recovery, 10.7 3.2 days) 36% (12.3 2.8 days), respectively. These results indicated NSO faster recovery symptoms than usual care alone. using honey seeds (HNS) moderate April July 2020 Pakistan (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT04347382). Among cases, 210 assigned either receive (1 g/kg/day), (80 mg/kg/day), care, placebo along care. 50 given HNS 53 placebo. ~50% decrease time taken improve compared (moderate 4 vs. 7 days; Hazard Ratio [HR], 6.1; p < 0.0001 6 13 HR, 4.0; 0.0001). cleared earlier cases (6 5.5; 0.0001) (8.5 12 4.3; In mortality rate less 25% (4% 18.9%; odds ratio (OR), 0.18; = 0.03). symptoms, sped up load clearance, reduced patients. evaluate safety Persian medicine formula (extract Glycyrrhiza glabra, Punica granatum, Rheum palmatum) powder among June September Iran (Registration: Iranian Registry Clinical Trials [www.irct.ir]: IRCT20200330046899N1). total, 79 age, 59.1 17.1 years) completed trial. combined decreased mean hospitalization days 0.4 (Setayesh D3 alleviation (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04981743). 120 recruited 30 each. Groups 1–4 dose 900 mg twice daily 14 2000 IU D3, none agents, All therapy same time. sativa–vitamin besides alleviated most symptoms. Virus clearing test quantitative polymerase chain 7th 14th best treatments, where OR 0.13 0.09, (Said randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled May 2021 USA NCT04914377) conducted assess patent thymoquinone (TQF) derived containing 1.7% TQ. 55 symptomatic (>18 TQF (29) (26). median time-to-sustained-clinical-response (SCR) versus 8 (p 0.77). while SCR difference significant, trend towards benefit encouraging. There significant adverse events 0.16), indicating safety, consistent previous Phase symptom burden 0.001), increased cytotoxic CD4+ 0.04) helper CD8+ central memory T lymphocytes Four alone herbs conducted. some benefits treating sativa. quality varied numbers generally small. content compound-TQ might vary lot studies, performance different observed. Also, only single doses products used. would good carry future trials standardized quantifying extract oils Johnson-Ajinwo 2014) even pure formulation larger number manner Considering managing COVID-19, preparation determined quantity investigation diseases. Phytochemical constituents foods, fruits, spices may provide preventive adjunct therapeutic multiple mechanisms. widely cheap their application fighting COVID-19.

Язык: Английский

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A Potential Role for Zinc to Enhance Treatment for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)?

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 76(2), С. 192 - 193

Опубликована: Окт. 25, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Novel regimens of phytopolyphenols with cisplatin or memantine and ZnSO4 for synergistic inhibition of growth and gingipains of the cultured Porphyromonas gingivalis

Journal of Dental Sciences, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 17(4), С. 1796 - 1801

Опубликована: Июль 8, 2022

Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.) played a keystone pathogen not only in initiation and progression of periodontitis but also as risk factor involved systemic diseases (Alzheimer's disease, cancers, diabetes, osteoporosis etc.). Developments effective safe drugs to inhibit P.g. growth are urgent. In this study, we aimed at approaching novel regimens so called (PTM) by combination repurposing including phytopolyphenols (P) (curcumin, tea polyphenols), targeting (T) such cisplatin or memantine metal ions(M) (ZnSO4). The synergistic (combination Index (CI) < 1) antiproliferation anti-protease efficacies (IC50) on cultured were evaluated OD600 colorimetric method respectively. results obtained revealed that these synergistically index, CI exerted antiproliferative anti-gingipain protease effects concentrations for 50% inhibition gingipains greatly decreased compared with those alone. Since potent anti-bacterial both planktonic biofilm P.g., it is encouraged further preclinical clinical trials.

Язык: Английский

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XE the new variant of COVID: Analysis and discussion

AIP conference proceedings, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 2916, С. 100001 - 100001

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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