Tumor Microenvironment-Derived Exosomes: A Double-Edged Sword for Advanced T Cell-Based Immunotherapy

ACS Nano, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Сен. 25, 2024

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in cancer progression and immune evasion, partially mediated by the activity of TME-derived exosomes. These extracellular vesicles are pivotal shaping responses through transfer proteins, lipids, nucleic acids between cells, facilitating complex interplay that promotes growth metastasis. This review delves into dual roles exosomes TME, highlighting both their immunosuppressive functions emerging therapeutic potential. Exosomes can inhibit T cell function promote escape carrying immune-modulatory molecules, such as PD-L1, yet they also hold promise for therapy vehicles delivering antigens costimulatory signals. Additionally, discusses intricate crosstalk among various types within influencing to immunotherapies. Moreover, this highlights current challenges future directions. Collectively, elucidating detailed mechanisms which mediate offers promising avenue revolutionizing treatment. Understanding these interactions allows development targeted therapies manipulate exosomal pathways enhance system's response tumors.

Язык: Английский

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Next-generation aluminum adjuvants: Immunomodulatory layered double hydroxides NanoAlum reengineered from first-line drugs

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(11), С. 4665 - 4682

Опубликована: Сен. 14, 2024

Aluminum adjuvants (Alum), approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, have been extensively used in vaccines containing recombinant antigens, subunits of pathogens, or toxins for almost a century. While Alums typically elicit strong humoral immune responses, their ability to induce cellular mucosal immunity is limited. As an alternative, layered double hydroxide (LDH), widely antacid, has emerged as novel class potent nano-aluminum (NanoAlum), demonstrating advantageous physicochemical properties, biocompatibility adjuvanticity both responses. In this review, we summarize compare advantages disadvantages Alum NanoAlum these properties performance adjuvants. Moreover, propose key features ideal demonstrate that LDH promising candidate summarizing its current progress immunotherapeutic cancer treatments. Finally, conclude review offering our integrated perspectives about remaining challenges future directions NanoAlum's application preclinical/clinical settings.

Язык: Английский

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Root-knot nematode suppression through biogenic silver nanoparticles: a promising path for sustainable agriculture

Journal of Nanoparticle Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 26(11)

Опубликована: Окт. 29, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Drug delivery using gold nanoparticles

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 216, С. 115481 - 115481

Опубликована: Ноя. 29, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Improving systemic delivery of oncolytic virus by cellular carriers

Cancer Biology and Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 21(12), С. 1104 - 1119

Опубликована: Янв. 17, 2025

Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a promising option for cancer treatment. OVT involves selective oncolytic virus (OV) replication within cells, which triggers anti-tumor responses and immunostimulation. Despite potential, faces critical challenges, including insufficient tumor-specific targeting, results in limited tumor penetration variability therapeutic efficacy. These challenges are particularly pronounced solid tumors with complex microenvironments heterogeneous vascularization. A comprehensive research program currently underway to develop refine innovative delivery methods address these issues enhance precision principal area of investigation the utilization cellular carriers distribution OVs microenvironments, thereby optimizing immune system activation maximizing effects. This review offers overview current strategies that being used via goal improving clinical impact therapy.

Язык: Английский

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Nanoparticles, a promising treatment for gastric cancer

Smart Materials in Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Nanoengineered immune check point inhibitors delivery for targeted brain cancer treatment: Current status and future perspectives

Biochemical Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 233, С. 116789 - 116789

Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Cancer Vaccines and Beyond: The Transformative Role of Nanotechnology in Immunotherapy

Pharmaceutics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(2), С. 216 - 216

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2025

Cancer is one of the leading causes morbidity and mortality globally, responsible for approximately 10 million deaths in 2022 an estimated 21 new cases 2024. Traditional cancer treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy often present limitations efficacy side effects. However, immunotherapeutic vaccines have emerged a promising approach, leveraging body’s immune system to target eliminate cells. This review examines evolving landscape vaccines, differentiating between preventive therapeutic strategies highlighting significance tumor-specific antigens, including tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) neoantigens. Recent advancements vaccine technology, particularly through nanotechnology, resulted development nanovaccines, which enhance antigen stability, optimize delivery cells, promote robust responses. Notably, clinical data indicate that patients receiving checkpoint inhibitors can achieve overall survival rates 34.8 months compared just 15.7 traditional therapies. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment heterogeneity. Emerging evidence suggests combining nanovaccines with immunomodulators may by overcoming obstacles. Continued research interdisciplinary collaboration will be essential fully exploit promise ultimately more effective accessible patients. The future immunotherapy appears increasingly hopeful innovative pave way enhanced patient outcomes improved quality life oncology.

Язык: Английский

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Calcium Sulfide Nanoclusters Trigger DNA Damage and Induce Cell Cycle Arrest in Non-Small-Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 26(4), С. 1665 - 1665

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2025

Lung cancer remains the most common malignancy independent of sex. Here, we focused on unraveling molecular mechanisms CaS nanoclusters inducing cytotoxicity by investigating DNA damage, cell cycle, oxidative stress, and cellular repair in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells compared to healthy fibroblasts. Our previous studies have demonstrated therapeutic potential calcium sulfide (CaS) nanostructures skin breast models, leading a significant reduction proliferation. However, how enhance their effects while minimizing damage unknown. results show that nanoclusters, once dissociated into Ca2+ H2S an acidic microenvironment, selectively allow extracellular enter, increase free entry, triggering stress limiting NSCLC. Furthermore, arrest NSCLC G0-G1 S phases cycle without affecting cells' cycles. also selective adenocarcinoma are less likely be regulated intrinsic apoptotic or mitochondrial pathways. They are, rather, caused ROS, causing double-stranded breakages. This selectivity for malignant is pH-dependent because it occurs microenvironment characteristic these cells. Overall, this first piece evidence disrupts genomic stability, prevents replication damaged cells, ultimately influences fate decisions such as death including mitotic catastrophe necroptotic simultaneous events.

Язык: Английский

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Topology‐Oriented Lymph Node Drainage of Dendritic Polymer‐TLR Agonist Conjugates to Enhance Vaccine Immunogenicity

Advanced Materials, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 17, 2025

Strategically targeting lymph nodes (LNs) to orchestrate the initiation and regulation of adaptive immune responses is one most pressing challenges in context vaccination. Herein, a series polymer-TLR agonist conjugates (PTACs) developed investigate impact dendritic-topological characteristics on their LN activity vivo, molecular weight (MW) pharmacokinetics support homing. Notably, dendritic 6-arm PTAC with MW 60 kDa (6A-PTAC-60k) rapidly delivered cargo draining LNs after administration peripheral tissues. Specifically, this topologic structure ameliorated behavior within lymphatic vessels LNs, including an elevated amount TLR7/8 improved distribution pattern among barrier cells cells, increased permeability, prolonged retention. Furthermore, 6A-PTAC-60k formulation induced broad antibody T cell responses, enhancing vaccine immunogenicity suppressing tumor growth. The results revealed that both topology polymers are crucial factors for immunoadjuvant functional which, turn, enhanced formulation. This study may provide chemical structural basis optimizing design delivery systems.

Язык: Английский

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