Environment International, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 195, С. 109202 - 109202

Опубликована: Дек. 10, 2024

Growing evidence suggests that the use of manure containing residual antibiotics universally leads to an increase in soil antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, there is limited understanding influence long-term antibiotic-free fertilization and differences between chemical fertilizer on ARGs. This study aimed quantify assembly patterns resistome by situ probing bacterial community environmental variations field soils have been subjected exposure and/or from animals without amendments. Long-term slightly impacts diversity resistomes, with 85.5 % total ARGs mobile genetic elements (MGEs) being common across all treatment types, while significantly increasing their abundances 0.68 a maximum 0.90 copies/16S rRNA. The rise ARG was less pronounced when using compared fertilizer, particularly for Rank Ⅱ were combined, significant nutrients (such as available nitrogen organic matter) MGEs occurred, leading enrichment microbial populations, especially certain resistant species, Ⅰ Despite various factors like communities, properties, heavy metals, MGEs, had most standardized effects shaping through both direct indirect pathways. Our findings indicates can lower risk residues promote sustainable farming practices, it may not fully eliminate prevalence ARGs, highlighting need more comprehensive strategies address agriculture rather than simply prohibiting antibiotics.

Язык: Английский