Biochemistry of Antioxidants: Mechanisms and Pharmaceutical Applications

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 10(12), С. 3051 - 3051

Опубликована: Ноя. 25, 2022

Natural antioxidants from fruits and vegetables, meats, eggs fish protect cells the damage caused by free radicals. They are widely used to reduce food loss waste, minimizing lipid oxidation, as well for their effects on health through pharmaceutical preparations. In fact, use of natural is among main efforts made relieve pressure resources move towards more sustainable systems. Alternative waste management approaches include valorization by-products a source phenolic compounds functional formulations. this review, we will deal with chemistry antioxidants, including molecular structures reaction mechanisms. The biochemical aspects also be reviewed, acidity temperature partitioning in binary multiphasic poor bioavailability remains huge constraint clinical applications, briefly describe some delivery systems that provide enhanced pharmacological action via drug targeting increased bioavailability. activity can improved designing nanotechnology-based formulations, recent nanoformulations nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, liposomes/proliposomes, phytosomes solid all showing promising outcomes improving efficiency antioxidants. Finally, an overview effects, therapeutic properties future choice incorporated.

Язык: Английский

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Dietary (poly)phenols and cardiometabolic health: from antioxidants to modulators of the gut microbiota

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 11

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2024

(Poly)phenols are plant secondary metabolites widely abundant in foods and beverages comprising a very large number of compounds with diverse structure biological activities. Accumulating evidence indicates that these exert beneficial effects against cardiometabolic diseases, this review will provide summary current knowledge area. Epidemiological clinical data collectively suggest intake flavonoids reduces the risk cardiovascular disease (CVD), being particularly strong for flavan-3-ol subclass. However, to adequate dietary recommendations, better understanding their estimated content among general public is needed. Regarding mechanisms action, we now know it unlikely (poly)phenols act as direct antioxidants vivo , was hypothesised decades popularity vitro antioxidant capacity assays. One reasons upon ingestion, extensively metabolised into wide array circulating different bioactivities than precursors. Well-conducted studies human nutrigenomic analysis have revealed new molecular targets may be underlying health benefits (poly)phenols, such nitric oxide pathway. Recently, bi-directional relationship established between gut microbiota, suggesting individual microbial metabolising key factor explaining variability response (poly)phenols. Future research needed elucidate which factors affecting capacity, whether can modulated, along action.

Язык: Английский

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Gene expression analysis reveals diabetes-related gene signatures

Human Genomics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(1)

Опубликована: Фев. 8, 2024

Abstract Background Diabetes is a spectrum of metabolic diseases affecting millions people worldwide. The loss pancreatic β-cell mass by either autoimmune destruction or apoptosis, in type 1-diabetes (T1D) and 2-diabetes (T2D), respectively, represents pathophysiological process leading to insulin deficiency. Therefore, therapeutic strategies focusing on restoring secretory capacity may impact disease management. This study took advantage powerful integrative bioinformatic tools scrutinize publicly available diabetes-associated gene expression data unveil novel potential molecular targets associated with dysfunction. Methods A comprehensive literature search for human studies alterations the pancreas T1D T2D was performed. total 6 were selected extraction analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses differentially expressed genes (DEGs) conducted, together protein–protein interaction networks identification transcription factors (TFs). For noncoding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) long RNAs (lncRNAs), which exert regulatory activities diabetes, identifying target pathways regulated these fundamental establishing robust network. Results Comparisons DEGs among showed 59 common 4 more studies. Besides mRNA, it possible identify miRNA lncRNA. Among top (TFs), HIPK2, KLF5, STAT1 STAT3 emerged as regulators altered expression. Integrated analysis protein-coding genes, miRNAs, lncRNAs pointed out several involved metabolism, cell signaling, immune system, adhesion, interactions. Interestingly, GABAergic synapse pathway only all datasets. Conclusions demonstrated power bioinformatics scrutinizing data, thereby revealing like pathway, holds promise modulating α-cells transdifferentiation into β-cells.

Язык: Английский

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Role of microRNAs in triple‑negative breast cancer and new therapeutic concepts (Review)

Oncology Letters, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 28(3)

Опубликована: Июль 11, 2024

Breast cancer has surpassed lung as the most prevalent malignancy affecting women worldwide. Triple‑negative breast (TNBC) is type of with worst prognosis. As a heterogeneous disease, TNBC pathogenesis that involves multiple oncogenic pathways, including involvement gene mutations and alterations in signaling pathways. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous, single‑stranded non‑coding RNAs bind to 3' untranslated region target cell mRNAs negatively regulate expression these specific mRNAs. Therefore, miRNAs involved growth, development, division differentiation stages. also targeting tumorigenesis, tumor growth regulation metastasis, cancer. Meanwhile, components In this review, role pathway discovered recent years described detail. The new concept bi‑targeted therapy for using miRNA artificial intelligence discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Mechanistic insights into dietary (poly)phenols and vascular dysfunction-related diseases using multi-omics and integrative approaches: Machine learning as a next challenge in nutrition research

Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 89, С. 101101 - 101101

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Purified recombinant enzymes efficiently hydrolyze conjugated urinary (poly)phenol metabolites

Food & Function, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(21), С. 10895 - 10911

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2022

Many strategies are used to quantify microbial (poly)phenol metabolites (MPMs) in urine. Currently, obtain accurate results, the use of phase II conjugate analytical standards is deemed be gold standard. However, these expensive or commercially unavailable. Quantification using an affordable and available unconjugated standard following hydrolysis with crude preparation from Helix pomatia containing arylsulfatase β-glucuronidase was once considered alternative, but previous studies have shown poor efficiency for conjugated MPMs. In this work, we evaluated purified recombinant enzymes compared them H. 75 urine samples. 38 MPMs were identified before hydrolysis, associated 17 Rapid chemical synthesis sulfated compounds carried out increase confidence level identification 13 Recombinant had a mean over 95% 36 time 30 min. comparison, achieved similar only 28 after 6 h hydrolysis. When comparing concentration released enzymatic more as effective almost every MPM. These results demonstrate that quantification can quickly represent alternative standards, improving access analysis metabolism (poly)phenols by gut microbiota.

Язык: Английский

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Integration of nutrigenomics, melatonin, serotonin and inflammatory cytokines in the pathophysiology of pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence in women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 1869(6), С. 166737 - 166737

Опубликована: Май 3, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Quercetin supplementation alters adipose tissue and hepatic transcriptomes and ameliorates adiposity, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance in adult male rats

Frontiers in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 9

Опубликована: Сен. 29, 2022

Quercetin, a flavonoid present in many fruits and vegetables, exhibits beneficial effects toward abnormalities related to metabolic syndrome. In this study, further investigate transcriptomic responses quercetin supplementation, we used genetic model of Adult male rats the PD/Cub strain were fed either high-sucrose diet (HSD; control PD rats) or HSD fortified with (10 g quercetin/kg diet; PD-Q rats). Morphometric parameters, along profiles liver retroperitoneal fat, assessed. The relative weights epididymal fat significantly decreased quercetin-treated animals. Furthermore, smaller area under glycemic curve level fasting insulin detected rats. While no changes total cholesterol levels observed, overall triglycerides serum profile adipose tissue corroborated morphometric findings, revealing pattern consistent insulin-sensitizing changes, major regulator nodes being Pparg, Adipoq, Nos2, Mir378. conclusion, supplementation improves syndrome, namely adiposity, dyslipidemia glucose intolerance.

Язык: Английский

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Association between Dried Fruit Intake and DNA Methylation: A Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Analysis

The journal of nutrition health & aging, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 27(11), С. 1132 - 1139

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023

Observational studies have reported associations between dried fruit intake and DNA methylation(DNAm). However, inherent flaws in observational study designs make them susceptible to confounding reverse causality bias. Consequently, it is unclear whether a causal association exists. In the present study, we aimed investigate DNAm. We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using IEU Open GWAS database aggregated data. Forty-three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with as instrumental variables (IVs) were selected exposure. DNAm outcomes include Gran (estimated granulocyte proportions); AgeAccelGrim(GrimAge acceleration); Hannum (Hannum age IEAA (Intrinsic epigenetic acceleration), AgeAccelPheno(PhenoAge DNAmPAIadjAge (DNAm-estimated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels). used MR pleiotropy residual sum outlier test (MRPRESSO) Radial-MR identify any level of multi-effect outliers assessed effect estimates(after removing outliers). The primary effects estimated inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method undertook sensitivity analyses methods robust horizontal pleiotropy. direct on multivariable mendelian (MVMR). Leveraging analysis, observed statistically significant lower AgeAccelGrim(β=−1.365, 95% confidence intervals [CI] −2.266 −0.464, PIVW=2.985×10−3) AgeAccelPheno (β= −1.933, CI −3.068 −0.798, PIVW=8.371×10−4). By contrast, (β=0.008, PIVW=0.430), Hannum(β=−0.430, PIVW=0.357), IEAA(β=−0.184, PIVW=0.700), (β=−1.861, PIVW=0.093) not significant. MVMR results adjusting for potential confounders showed that relationship AgeAccelGrim(β= −1.315, −2.373 −0.258, PIVW=1.480×10−2) AgeAccelPheno(β= −1.595, −2.987 −0.202, PIVW=2.483×10−2) persisted. No polymorphism was found analysis. Our suggested increased slower AgeAccelGrim AgeAccelPheno. It can providing promising avenue exploring beneficial lifespan extension.

Язык: Английский

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High-Dose Polyphenol-Rich Nutrition Improves Lipid and Inflammation Profiles and Can Trigger Apoptotic Signaling in Healthy Older Adults (the ErdBEHR Study)

Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2024

A high-dose polyphenol-rich nutrition decreases LDL and CRP levels in healthy older adults, at highest dose, gene expression data highlight "positive regulation of apoptotic signaling".• Top: Study design, escalating the intervention per group.Senointerventions SI 1, 2 3 were done on single days.• Bottom: Main study results, suggesting a dose-response pattern.Thick arrows refer to significant findings (p≤0.05);dashed trends.Results group 2, 3, 4, or 5 when comparing for blood draw start versus end study, after last intervention; C-reactive Protein, senointervention groups 3-5 are compared 1 2. The "?" refers no data, "-" finding.

Язык: Английский

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