Journal of Biomedical Optics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
29(12)
Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2024
SignificanceA
data-based
calibration
method
with
enhanced
depolarization
contrast
in
polarization-sensitive
optical
coherence
tomography
(PS-OCT)
was
developed
and
demonstrated
effective
for
detecting
melanin
content
the
eye.AimWe
aim
to
mitigate
dependence
between
measured
metric
intensity
signal-to-noise
ratio
(SNR)
improved
visualization
of
depolarizing
tissues,
especially
low
SNR
regions,
demonstrate
evaluate
presence.ApproachA
function
calibrating
experimentally
derived
from
young
albino
guinea
pig,
assuming
free
retina.
A
longitudinal
study
pigs
(9
weeks)
conducted
assess
accumulation
during
early
eye
growth.
Furthermore,
sub-macular
choroid
compared
eyes
light
dark
irides
involving
14
human
subjects
middle
adulthood.ResultsWe
observed
an
increase
contrast,
which
indicates
potential
development
age
pigmented
pig
eyes.
We
found
a
significant
difference
colors.ConclusionsOur
proposed
structures
PS-OCT,
can
be
generalized
all
kinds
imaging
potentially
monitor
healthy
pathological
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
26(5), С. 2334 - 2334
Опубликована: Март 5, 2025
Oxidative
stress-induced
photoreceptor
cell
death
is
closely
associated
with
the
etiology
of
age-related
macular
degeneration
(AMD),
and
sodium
iodate
(SI)
has
been
widely
used
as
an
oxidant
stimulus
in
AMD
models
to
induce
retinal
pigment
epithelium
(RPE)
death.
However,
mechanism
underlying
SI-induced
remains
controversial
unclear.
In
this
study,
we
elucidate
that
ferroptosis
a
critical
form
induced
by
SI
photoreceptor-derived
661W
cells.
disrupts
system
Xc-,
leading
glutathione
(GSH)
depletion
triggering
lipid
peroxidation,
thereby
promoting
Additionally,
enhances
intracellular
Fe2+
levels,
which
further
facilitates
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
accumulation,
making
cells
more
susceptible
ferroptosis.
Exogenous
GSH,
well
specific
inhibitors
such
Fer-1
antioxidants
like
NAC,
significantly
attenuate
These
findings
provide
new
insights
into
mechanisms
key
pathway
Pharmaceuticals,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
18(4), С. 554 - 554
Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2025
Hexahydrocurcumin
(HHC),
the
primary
metabolite
of
curcumin,
shows
promising
therapeutic
potential
due
to
its
antioxidant
and
anti-inflammatory
properties.
The
retinal
pigment
epithelium
(RPE)
plays
a
crucial
role
in
maintaining
homeostasis;
however,
dysfunction—linked
oxidative
stress
chronic
inflammation—contributes
progression
degenerative
diseases
such
as
age-related
macular
degeneration
(AMD).
This
review
highlights
HHC
protecting
regenerating
RPE
cells.
It
explores
effects
on
RPE,
mechanisms
underlying
damage,
involvement
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
inflammatory
mediators.
has
demonstrated
ability
modulate
these
pathways
by
activating
nuclear
factor
erythroid
2-related
2
(NRF2),
enhancing
defenses,
inhibiting
pro-inflammatory
cytokine
production.
Preclinical
studies
suggest
that
mitigates
vascular
remodeling
endothelial
dysfunction
reducing
expression
transforming
growth
β
(TGF-β1)
matrix
metalloproteinase-9
(MMP-9).
Moreover,
improves
nitric
oxide
bioavailability
promotes
synthase
expression,
thereby
counteracting
stress-induced
damage.
Emerging
evidence
indicates
may
be
candidate
for
treatment
diseases,
particularly
those
associated
with
inflammation.
However,
further
studies,
including
clinical
trials,
are
essential
confirm
efficacy
elucidate
precise
HHC’s
protective
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025
Oxidative
stress-prompted
degeneration
of
the
retinal
pigment
epithelium
(RPE)
notably
contributes
to
onset
age-related
macular
(AMD).
However,
pathways
leading
RPE
deterioration
and
possible
preventative
strategies
are
not
yet
completely
comprehended.
Ferroptosis
was
assayed
through
evaluation
lipid
peroxidation
(C11-BODIPY
MDA),
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS),
transmission
electron
microscopy
(TEM),
iron
content
measurement,
q-PCR,
western
blotting,
immunofluorescence.
To
assess
structure
function
in
mice,
ERG
(electroretinography),
OCT
(optical
coherence
tomography),
H&E
(hematoxylin
eosin)
staining
were
employed.
Network
pharmacology
methods
utilized
elucidate
potential
mechanisms
underlying
melatonin's
protective
effects
against
ferroptosis
cells
AMD.
Genetic
engineering
techniques
applied
investigate
regulatory
relationships
among
phosphatidylinositol
3-kinase
(PI3K),
protein
kinase-B
(AKT),
murine
double
minute-2
(MDM2),
53
(P53),
solute
carrier
family
7
member
11
(SLC7A11).
In
vitro
knockdown
experiments
MDM2
conducted
explore
its
role
within
cells.
Aβ1-40
can
trigger
Melatonin
inhibit
oxidative
stress
induced
by
exhibits
a
effect
on
Aβ1-40-induced
AMD,
significantly
improving
mouse
retina
layer,
facilitating
restoration
visual
function.
revealed
that
targets
melatonin
AMD
closely
related
ferroptosis,
indicated
predominant
associated
with
PI3K/AKT/MDM2/P53
signaling
pathway.
Knocking
down
specific
expression
weaken
inhibitory
ferroptosis.
suppress
cell
death
via
pathway,
thereby
preventing
decelerating
progression
Retinal
ganglion
cells
(RGCs)
are
the
visual
gateway
of
brain,
with
their
axons
converging
to
form
optic
nerve,
making
them
most
vulnerable
target
in
diseases
such
as
glaucoma
and
traumatic
neuropathy
(TON).
In
both
diseases,
disruption
blood-retinal
barrier(BRB)
is
considered
an
important
mechanism
that
accelerates
RGC
degeneration
hinders
axon
regeneration.
The
BRB
consists
inner
barrier
(iBRB)
outer
(oBRB),
which
maintained
by
endothelial
cells(ECs),
pericytes(PCs),
retinal
pigment
epithelial
(RPE),
respectively.
Their
functions
include
regulating
nutrient
exchange,
oxidative
stress,
immune
microenvironment.
However,
TON,
structural
functional
integrity
severely
damaged
due
mechanical
inflammatory
reactions,
metabolic
disorders.
Emerging
evidence
highlights
leads
heightened
vascular
permeability,
cell
infiltration,
sustained
chronic
inflammation,
creating
a
hostile
microenvironment
for
survival.
Furthermore,
dynamic
interplay
imbalance
among
ECs,
PCs,
glial
within
neurovascular
unit
(NVU)
pivotal
drivers
destruction,
exacerbating
apoptosis
limiting
nerve
intricate
molecular
cellular
mechanisms
underlying
these
processes
underscore
BRB's
critical
role
TON
pathophysiology
while
offering
compelling
foundation
therapeutic
strategies
targeting
repair
stabilization.
This
review
provides
crucial
insights
lays
robust
groundwork
advancing
research
on
neural
regeneration
innovative
protective
strategies.
Age-related
macular
degeneration
is
a
leading
cause
of
vision
loss
in
aging
populations,
driven
by
complex
interactions
between
genetic,
environmental,
and
molecular
factors.
MicroRNAs
have
emerged
as
crucial
regulators
cellular
processes
such
oxidative
stress,
inflammation,
angiogenesis,
all
which
contribute
to
AMD
pathogenesis.
This
narrative
review
aims
summarize
the
involvement
peripheral
blood
microRNAs
pathogenesis
AMD,
focusing
on
key
pathways
angiogenesis.
Additionally,
it
explores
their
potential
biomarkers
for
predicting
treatment
response,
particularly
anti-VEGF
therapies.
The
miRNAs
noninvasive
early
diagnosis
personalized
strategies
also
explored,
highlighting
future
directions
research.
