Pericoronary adipose tissue: potential for pathological diagnosis and therapeutic applications

Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 5, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The Role of Imaging in Cardiovascular Prevention: A Comprehensive Review

Journal of Cardiovascular Echography, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 35(1), С. 8 - 18

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, traditional preventive measures focus on lifestyle modifications, pharmacologic interventions, risk stratification. Recently, imaging has emerged as an interesting tool in cardiovascular prevention. This review explores role various modalities early detection, assessment, disease monitoring. Noninvasive techniques such carotid ultrasound, arterial stiffness echocardiography, coronary artery calcium scoring enable identification subclinical atherosclerosis ventricular dysfunction, providing insights that complement conventional factors. Coronary computed tomography angiography cardiac magnetic resonance offer high-resolution visualization vascular myocardial pathology, contributing to refined Furthermore, emerging markers epicardial adipose tissue hepatic steatosis are gaining recognition potential predictors risk. Advancements artificial intelligence (AI) revolutionizing by enhancing image interpretation, automating prediction, facilitating personalized medicine. Future research should optimizing integration into clinical workflows, improving prediction models, exploring AI-driven innovations. By exploiting technologies, clinicians could enhance primary secondary prevention strategies, ultimately reducing global burden CVDs.

Язык: Английский

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Computed Tomography Angiography Identified High-Risk Coronary Plaques: From Diagnosis to Prognosis and Future Management

Diagnostics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(15), С. 1671 - 1671

Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024

CT angiography has become, in recent years, a main evaluating modality for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Recent advancements the field have allowed us to identity not only presence of obstructive but also characteristics identified lesions. High-risk atherosclerotic plaques are angiographies via number specific and may provide prognostic therapeutic implications, aiming prevent future ischemic events optimizing medical treatment or providing interventions. In light new evidence safety efficacy intervening high-risk plaques, even non-flow-limiting disease, we aim comprehensive review diagnostic algorithms implications plaque vulnerability angiography, identify any differences invasive imaging, analyze factors potential options such patients, as well discuss frontiers, including stenoses role patient stratification.

Язык: Английский

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Roles of perivascular adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis ― an update on recent findings

Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15

Опубликована: Янв. 6, 2025

Lifestyle-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis and diabetes, are now considered to be a series of diseases caused by chronic inflammation. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that not only plays role in lipid storage, heat production, buffering, but also produces physiologically active substances involved Perivascular adipose (PVAT) surrounding blood vessels similarly inflammatory anti-inflammatory act on either directly or via the bloodstream. Epicardial (EAT), which direct contact with coronary arteries inside pericardium, thought have effect well. The presence status these tissues can evaluated imaging tests, has been shown associated current cardiovascular disease (CVD) prognostic factor. It expected become new diagnostic therapeutic target for CVD.

Язык: Английский

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Cardiac Adipose Tissue, Imaging Segmentation, and Quantification for Cardio-Vascular Disease Assessment – A survey

Опубликована: Апрель 10, 2025

Adipose tissue plays a complex role in cardiovascular health. Cardiac adipose (CAT) has been correlated with several diseases that affect the structure and function of heart. Examples include heart failure (HF), where muscle (myocardium) is affected, coronary artery disease (CAD), these main vessels are affected by amount fat around heart, cardiac steatosis or fatty disease, infiltration accumulation within heart’s inhibits proper function. This review explores different types deposits surrounding focusing on potential contribution CAT to (CVD). Three imaging modalities for assessing discussed, including magnetic resonance (MRI), computed tomography (CT), echocardiography. The segmentation quantification each modality also presented, correlating measurements CVD risk. Each offers distinct advantages limitations segmenting quantifying fat. While advancements have made, challenges persist accurately measuring interpreting distribution Future research should focus refining techniques, establishing standardized protocols, elucidating specific mechanisms linking By overcoming limitations, can be powerful tool improved risk stratification, personalized treatment strategies, ultimately, better health outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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Epicardial Adipose Tissue: A Multimodal Imaging Diagnostic Perspective

Medicina, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 61(6), С. 961 - 961

Опубликована: Май 23, 2025

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), strategically located between the myocardium and visceral pericardial layer, is increasingly recognized as an active player in cardiovascular health rather than a passive fat depot. EAT secretes notable array of bioactive molecules known adipokines, which exert critical exocrine paracrine effects. Recent research has focused on pericoronary (PCAT)—the surrounding coronary arteries—demonstrating its intricate bidirectional relationship with vascular wall. Under normal physiological conditions, this interaction promotes homeostasis; however, dysfunctional PCAT can release pro-inflammatory adipokines implicated pathogenesis atherogenesis. Notably, inflammation emerged significant factor associated development artery disease (CAD) major events. This review seeks to elucidate imaging methodologies employed evaluate EAT, emphasizing cardiac computed tomography (CCT) preeminent modality. Unlike echocardiography magnetic resonance imaging, CCT not only visualizes quantifies but also concurrently assesses arteries PCAT. findings have established potential CCT-derived attenuation noninvasive biomarker for inflammation, offering prospects monitoring therapeutic responses innovative anti-inflammatory interventions CAD management.

Язык: Английский

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Beyond Stress Ischemia: Unveiling the Multifaceted Nature of Coronary Vulnerable Plaques Using Cardiac Computed Tomography

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(14), С. 4277 - 4277

Опубликована: Июль 22, 2024

Historically, cardiovascular prevention has been predominantly focused on stress-induced ischemia, but recent trials have challenged this paradigm, highlighting the emerging role of vulnerable, non-flow-limiting coronary plaques, leading to a shift towards integrating plaque morphology with functional data into risk prediction models. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) represents high-resolution, low-risk, and largely available non-invasive modality for precise delineation composition, morphology, inflammatory activity, further enhancing our ability stratify high-risk predict adverse outcomes. artery calcium (CAC) scoring, derived from CCTA, emerged as promising tool predicting future events in asymptomatic individuals, demonstrating incremental prognostic value beyond traditional factors terms myocardial infarction, stroke, all-cause mortality. Additionally, CCTA-derived information characteristics, geometric hemodynamic forces provides valuable insights vulnerability seems guiding revascularization strategies. assessments epicardial pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) refine stratification, adding significance disease (CAD), correlating development, vulnerability, rupture. Moreover, CT imaging not only aids stratification is now screening able monitor CAD progression treatment efficacy over time. Thus, integration CAC scoring PCAT evaluation algorithms, well identification holds results personalized preventive interventions, helping physicians identifying individuals earlier, tailoring lifestyle pharmacological improving clinical outcomes their patients.

Язык: Английский

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Novel Insights into Non-Invasive Diagnostic Techniques for Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Critical Review

Diagnostics, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(19), С. 2249 - 2249

Опубликована: Окт. 9, 2024

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a cardiac storage disease caused by the progressive extracellular deposition of misfolded proteins in myocardium. Despite increasing interest this pathology, it remains an underdiagnosed condition. Non-invasive diagnostic techniques play central role suspicion and detection CA, also thanks to continuous scientific technological advances these tools. The 12-lead electrocardiography inexpensive reproducible test with accuracy that, some cases, exceeds that imaging techniques, as recent studies have shown. Echocardiography first-line modality, although none its parameters are pathognomonic. According 2023 ESC Guidelines, left ventricular wall thickness ≥ 12 mm mandatory for making technique crucial. magnetic resonance provides high-resolution images associated tissue characterization. use contrast non-contrast sequences enhances power modality. Nuclear including bone scintigraphy positron emission tomography, allow amyloid heart, their assessing prognosis response therapy. computed tomography was recently evaluated several studies, above population affected aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter valve replacement, promising results. Finally, machine learning artificial intelligence-derived algorithms gaining ground scenario provide basis future research. Understanding new insights into non-invasive critical better diagnose manage patients CA improve survival.

Язык: Английский

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Epicardial adipose tissue on cardiac MRI and cardiovascular risk: Another reason to watch what you “EAT”

Atherosclerosis, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 397, С. 118523 - 118523

Опубликована: Июнь 20, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Speckle-tracking echocardiography as screening tool for myocardial fibrosis and Iron overload in transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia

International Journal of Cardiology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 418, С. 132616 - 132616

Опубликована: Окт. 3, 2024

Язык: Английский

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