bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2024
Abstract
Background
Exosomal
microRNAs
(exomiRs),
transported
via
exosomes,
play
a
pivotal
role
in
intercellular
communication.
In
cancer,
exomiRs
influence
tumor
progression
by
regulating
key
cellular
processes
such
as
proliferation,
angiogenesis,
and
metastasis.
Their
mediating
communication
between
cancer
cells
the
microenvironment
highlights
their
significance
potential
diagnostic
therapeutic
targets.
Methodology
this
study,
we
aimed
to
characterize
of
influencing
pre-metastatic
niche
(PMN).
Across
7
types,
including
4
cell
lines
three
tumors,
extracted
high
confidence
(Log
FC
>=
2
exosomes
relative
control)
targets
(experimentally
identified
targeted
at
least
exomiRs).
Subsequently,
enriched
pathways
selected
top
100
high-confidence
exomiR
based
on
frequency
appearance
pathways.
These
were
consistently
used
throughout
analysis.
Results
Cancer
line
derived
ExomiRs
have
significantly
higher
GC
content
genomic
background.
Pathway
among
included
general
cancer-associated
“wound
healing”
“regulation
epithelial
proliferation”,
well
cancer-specific
processes,
angiogenesis
kidney”
(KIRC),
“ossification”
lung
(LUAD),
“positive
regulation
cytokine
production”
pancreatic
(PAAD).
Similarly,
‘Pathways
cancer’
‘MicroRNAs
ranked
10
KEGG
all
types.
ExomiR
not
only
for
suppressor
genes
(TSG)
but
are
also
downregulated
formed
lungs
compared
normal
lung.
Motif
analysis
shows
similarity
motifs
from
across
Our
recapitulates
associated
with
M2
macrophage
differentiation
chemoresistance
miR-21
miR-222-3p,
signaling
PTEN/PI3/Akt,
NF-κB,
etc.
Cox
regression
indicated
that
overall
survival
patients
TCGA.
Lastly,
Support
Vector
Machine
(SVM)
model
using
target
gene
expression
classified
responders
non-responders
neoadjuvant
chemotherapy
an
AUROC
0.96
(in
LUAD),
than
other
previously
reported
signatures.
Conclusion
study
characterizes
shaping
PMN
diverse
cancers,
underscoring
potential.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Март 3, 2025
Immunotherapy
for
cancer
has
made
significant
strides
in
the
last
several
years.
The
prognosis
patients
significantly
improved
as
a
result,
particularly
hematological
diseases.
However,
it
was
discovered
that
translating
these
achievements
to
solid
tumors
proved
challenging.
peptide-loading
complex
(PLC),
temporary
multisubunit
membrane
assembly
endoplasmic
reticulum
(ER),
is
crucial
initiating
hierarchical
immune
response.
Chaperones
calreticulin
and
tapasin
make
up
PLC,
unique
class
I
glycoproteins,
thiooxido-reductase
ERp57,
transporter
associated
with
antigen
processing.
loading
editing
of
major
histocompatibility
(MHC-I)
molecules
peptide
translocation
into
ER
are
synchronized
by
PLC.
One
escape
strategies
revealed
so
far
changes
expression
MHC
molecules.
This
because
antigens
presenting
T-lymphocytes
controlling
NK
cell
activity.
Furthermore,
decreased
MHC-I
been
linked
malignancies
resistant
T-cell-based
immunotherapies
(adoptive
transfer
antitumor
CD8
T-cells
or
checkpoint
inhibition).
PLC
essential
T-cell
priming,
differentiation,
tumor
growth
control
can
bind
wide
range
allomorphs.
In
this
review,
we
have
looked
PLC’s
function
effects
all
forms
improve
therapy
techniques.
Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
37(1)
Опубликована: Май 1, 2025
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
have
emerged
as
key
cell-to-cell
communication
mediators
and
play
significant
roles
in
both
physiological
pathological
processes.
In
EVs,
exosomes
represent
a
distinct
subpopulation
of
EVs
that
been
found
to
be
involved
cancer
initiation
therapeutic
resistance.
Exosomes
transfer
diverse
spectrum
molecular
cargos
effects
on
the
tumor
microenvironment
(TME),
thereby
enabling
initiation,
metastasis,
recently
interest
therapy
due
their
role
important
treatment
The
exosomal
content-proteins,
miRNAs,
lncRNAs-allows
perform
functions
including
drug
efflux
detoxification,
cell
death
pathway
modulation,
induction
epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition
(EMT),
suppression
immune
system.
addition
facilitating
stromal
interactions,
cause
extracellular
matrix
remodeling
induce
heterogeneity,
making
it
more
difficult
respond
therapy.
This
review
covers
intricate
resistance
with
regard
biogenesis,
content,
functional
impact
TME.
Along
this,
we
also
discuss
new
strategies
overcome
exosome-mediated
utilizing
exosome
inhibitors,
designed
therapy,
combination
conventional
therapies.
While
hold
promise
prediction
diagnosis
through
biomarker
function,
heterogeneous
origins
cryptic
make
target
interventions.
emphasizes
research
pathways
is
urgently
required
develop
can
improve
outcomes.
