Thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 20(6), С. 336 - 348

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Explaining Long COVID: A Pioneer Cross-Sectional Study Supporting the Endocrine Hypothesis

Journal of the Endocrine Society, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 8(3)

Опубликована: Янв. 10, 2024

Abstract Context In some patients, symptoms may persist after COVID-19, defined as long COVID. Its pathogenesis is still debated and many hypotheses have been raised. Objective Our primary objective was to evaluate the corticotroph somatotroph functions of patients previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 experiencing post–COVID-19 syndrome detect any deficiencies that explain Methods A cross-sectional study conducted including who had contracted a postinfection period 3 months or less 15 months, divided into 2 groups. The first group (G1) comprised fully recovered while second (G2) included outcome comparison functions. Results total 64 were groups, each consisting 32 patients. G2 exhibited more frequently anterior pituitary deficits compared G1 (P = .045): for axis (G1: 6.3% vs G2: 28.1%) 31.3% 59.4%). Baseline cortisol level significantly lower in 13.37 µg/dL 11.59 µg/dL) .045). peak also 23.60 19.14 .01). For axis, insulin growth factor-1 146.03 ng/mL 132.25 ng/mL) .369). hormone 4.82 2.89 .041). Conclusion results showed COVID our cohort likely deficiencies. endocrine hypothesis involving insufficiency can be considered

Язык: Английский

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Exploring the Pathophysiology of Long COVID: The Central Role of Low-Grade Inflammation and Multisystem Involvement

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(12), С. 6389 - 6389

Опубликована: Июнь 9, 2024

Long COVID (LC), also referred to as Post COVID-19 Condition, Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC), and other terms, represents a complex multisystem disease persisting after the acute phase COVID-19. Characterized by myriad symptoms across different organ systems, LC presents significant diagnostic management challenges. Central disorder is role low-grade inflammation, non-classical inflammatory response that contributes chronicity diversity observed. This review explores pathophysiological underpinnings LC, emphasizing importance inflammation core component. By delineating pathogenetic relationships clinical manifestations this article highlights necessity for an integrated approach employs both personalized medicine standardized protocols aimed at mitigating long-term consequences. The insights gained not only enhance our understanding but inform development therapeutic strategies could be applicable chronic conditions with similar features.

Язык: Английский

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The Growing Understanding of the Pituitary Implication in the Pathogenesis of Long COVID-19 Syndrome: A Narrative Review

Advances in respiratory medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 92(1), С. 96 - 109

Опубликована: Фев. 14, 2024

Long COVID-19, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, is a condition where individuals who have recovered from the acute phase COVID-19 continue to experience range symptoms for weeks or even months afterward. While it was initially thought primarily affect respiratory system, has become clear that can involve various organs and systems, including endocrine which includes pituitary gland. In context there growing understanding potential implications The virus directly gland, leading abnormalities in hormone production regulation. This result such fatigue, changes appetite, mood disturbances. persistent often debilitating following may be explained by deficiencies ACTH Growth Corticotropin insufficiency dysregulation body’s stress response lead prolonged feelings stress, disturbances patients. Simultaneously, somatotropin growth, muscle function, energy metabolism, potentially causing weakness, exercise intolerance, body composition. Recently, some authors suggested involvement gland Post Syndrome. exact mechanisms viral action on infected cells remain under discussion, but inflammatory autoimmune are implicated. aim our study will review main complications infection. Moreover, we explain possible persistence

Язык: Английский

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Growth hormone – releasing hormone in the immune system

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Окт. 7, 2024

Abstract GHRH is a neuropeptide associated with diverse variety of activities in human physiology and immune responses. The present study reviews the latest information on involvement system inflammation, suggesting that antagonists may deliver new therapeutic possibility disorders related to dysfunction inflammation.

Язык: Английский

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Long COVID and pituitary dysfunctions: a bidirectional relationship?

Pituitary, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 27(6), С. 955 - 969

Опубликована: Сен. 6, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Central Hypothyroidism with Low TSH Comparing to Normal TSH Is Associated with More Advanced Pituitary Disease and Less Favorable Metabolic Profile

Metabolites, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 15(2), С. 125 - 125

Опубликована: Фев. 13, 2025

Background: Central hypothyroidism is characterized by either decreased TSH or, more commonly, normal TSH. This study aims to check whether this biochemical difference related the severity of pituitary disease, metabolic processes and general well-being. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 108 inpatients with hypopituitarism, aged 18-80, hospitalized (1 January 2020, through 31 December 2022) in Department Endocrinology Metabolic Diseases, Medical University Lodz, Poland. Hypopituitary patients central (n = 90) were divided into two subgroups: below ranges (low TSH; n 52) reference (normal 38). Results: Among hypothyroidism, surgical treatment due disease commonly those low than (65 vs. 42%, p 0.010). Expectedly, five deficiencies diagnosed (46 13%, 0.001). In a regression analysis, ACTH concentration only independent determinant negatively associated (also after limiting non-treated patients). Regarding lipid profile, HDL cholesterol occurred (44% 23%; 0.033), which also observed limitation (47% 21%; 0.013). Conclusions: Low advanced less favorable profile.

Язык: Английский

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Differentially‐regulated miRNAs in COVID‐19: A systematic review

Reviews in Medical Virology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 33(4)

Опубликована: Май 5, 2023

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is responsible for coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) that infected more than 760 million people worldwide with over 6.8 deaths to date. COVID‐19 one the most challenging diseases our times due nature its spread, effect on multiple organs, and an inability predict prognosis, ranging from being completely asymptomatic death. Upon infection, SARS‐CoV‐2 alters host immune response by changing host‐transcriptional machinery. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regarded as post‐transcriptional regulators gene expression can be perturbed invading viruses. Several in vitro vivo studies have reported such dysregulation miRNA upon infection. Some this could occur anti‐viral viral Viruses themselves counteract mounting their own pro‐viral facilitates virus aspect which may cause pathogenesis. Thus, miRNAs serve possible biomarkers people. In current review, we summarised analysed existing data about patients determine concordance between studies, identified those potential during progression, death, even other co‐morbidities. Having vital not only predicting but also development novel miRNA‐based anti‐virals therapeutics become invaluable case emergence new variants pandemic future.

Язык: Английский

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Unveiling the Etiopathogenic Spectrum of Hypophysitis: A Narrative Review

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(8), С. 1210 - 1210

Опубликована: Июль 30, 2023

Hypophysitis, a rare inflammatory disorder of the pituitary gland, has seen an uptick in reported cases recent years. Our objective is to summarize most research on etiopathogenesis, molecular mechanisms, and genetics both primary secondary hypophysitis. Primary autoimmune hypophysitis (PAH): During acute phase disease, gland enlarged due infiltration T B lymphocytes. The chronic characterized by progressive irreversible atrophy. APA may play role management, diagnosis, prognosis PAH. Specific autoantibodies such as anti-GH, anti-PIT-1, anti-T-PIT have been found patients with hypopituitarism. A study suggested that mechanism escaping clonal deletion mounting immune response against self antigens can explain unusual nature observed PAH patients. cytokine array shows presence gamma-interferon interleukin-17. Patients carrying mutations PIT1 or PROP1 genes present Individuals HLA DQ8 haplotype are four times more likely develop Immune checkpoint inhibitors induce (IIHs): IIHs increasingly frequent toxicity treatment targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). ICIs inhibit CTLA-4 pathway, leading overactivation binding PD-1/PD-L1 suppresses activity cells, promotes conversion T-helpers into T-regulatory activates pro-survival signaling pathways cancer cells. Cytokines crucial IIHs. B-cell IIHs, suggesting antibody-mediated injury contribute. Genetic polymorphisms PD-1 increase risk alleles also be involved onset IIHs; this association presents possible alternative mechanistic hypothesis. linked paraneoplastic syndrome triggered ectopic expression specific antigens. SARS-CoV-2-related hypophysitis: Recently, literature occurrences associated SARS-CoV-2 virus; long COVID-19 infundibulo-neuro-hypophysitis. virus enters central nervous system because its distinct interaction angiotensin-converting enzyme receptors via spike proteins capillary endothelium, it directly damages effect occur indirectly through inflammation release cytokines. exact remains ambiguous. available data endocrine complications vaccine scant. Nonetheless, isolated documented. Treatment Glucocorticoids cornerstone managing hypophysitis, given their targeted action inflammation. better understanding etiopathogenesis lead effective personalized strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Pituitary apoplexy: a systematic review of non-gestational risk factors

Pituitary, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 27(4), С. 320 - 334

Опубликована: Июнь 27, 2024

Язык: Английский

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