A Review of the Antiviral Activities of Glycyrrhizic Acid, Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Glycyrrhetinic Acid Monoglucuronide

Pharmaceuticals, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(5), С. 641 - 641

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2023

Licorice, a natural medicine derived from the roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza species, possesses wide range therapeutic applications, including antiviral properties. Glycyrrhizic acid (GL) glycyrrhetinic (GA) are most important active ingredients in licorice. Glycyrrhetinic 3-O-mono-β-d-glucuronide (GAMG) is metabolite GL. GL its metabolites have activities against viruses, such as, hepatitis virus, herpes virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) so on. Although their activity has been widely reported, specific mechanism action involving multiple links as itself, cells, immunity not clearly established. In this review, we will give an update on role agents, detail relevant evidence potential use mechanisms actions. Analyzing antivirals, signaling, impacts tissue autoimmune protection may provide promising new strategies.

Язык: Английский

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The impact of mucormycosis (black fungus) on SARS-CoV-2-infected patients: at a glance

Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 29(46), С. 69341 - 69366

Опубликована: Авг. 19, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Redox Homeostasis Alteration Is Restored through Melatonin Treatment in COVID-19 Patients: A Preliminary Study

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(8), С. 4543 - 4543

Опубликована: Апрель 21, 2024

Type II pneumocytes are the target of SARS-CoV-2 virus, which alters their redox homeostasis to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS). Melatonin (MT) has antioxidant proprieties and protects mitochondrial function. In this study, we evaluated whether treatment with MT compensated for alteration in serum from COVID-19 patients. We determined oxidative stress (OS) markers such as carbonyls, glutathione (GSH), total capacity (TAC), thiols, nitrites (NO2-), lipid peroxidation (LPO), thiol groups serum. also studied enzymatic activities peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), reductase (GR), thioredoxin (TrxR), extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) peroxidases. There were significant increases LPO carbonyl quantities (p ≤ 0.03) decreases TAC NO2-, GSH < 0.001) The enzymes ecSOD, TrxR, GPx, GST, GR, peroxidases decreased 0.04) after treatment. favored activity that contributed an restored lost homeostasis. modulated glucose homeostasis, functioning a glycolytic agent, inhibited Warburg effect. Thus, restores is altered patients can be used adjuvant therapy infection.

Язык: Английский

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Phytochemicals of Withania somnifera as a Future Promising Drug against SARS-CoV-2: Pharmacological Role, Molecular Mechanism, Molecular Docking Evaluation, and Efficient Delivery

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(4), С. 1000 - 1000

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2023

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has killed millions of people since first reported in Wuhan, China, December 2019. Intriguingly, Withania somnifera (WS) shown promising antiviral effects against numerous viral infections, including SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, which are contributed by its phytochemicals. This review focused on the updated testing therapeutic efficacy associated molecular mechanisms WS extracts their phytochemicals SARS-CoV-2 infection preclinical clinical studies with aim to develop a long-term solution COVID-19. It also deciphered current use silico docking approach developing potential inhibitors from targeting host cell receptors that may aid development targeted therapy ranging prior entry until acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). discussed nanoformulations or nanocarriers achieving effective delivery enhance bioavailability efficacy, consequently preventing emergence drug resistance, eventually failure.

Язык: Английский

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N-Acetyl Cysteine Restores the Diminished Activity of the Antioxidant Enzymatic System Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Preliminary Findings

Pharmaceuticals, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(4), С. 591 - 591

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 infects type II pneumocytes and disrupts redox homeostasis by overproducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a precursor of the synthesis glutathione (GSH) it restores loss associated to viral infections. The aim study evaluate effect treatment with NAC on enzymatic antioxidant system in serum from patients infected SARS-CoV-2. We evaluated activities thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), peroxidase (GPx), -S-transferase (GST), (GR) spectrophotometry concentrations (GSH), total capacity (TAC), thiols, nitrites (NO2-), lipid peroxidation (LPO) serum. activity extracellular super oxide dismutase (ecSOD) was determined native polyacrylamide gels, 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) measured ELISA. A decrease ecSOD, TrxR, GPx, GST GR, (p = 0 ≤ 0.1), GSH, TAC, NO2- 0.001) an increase LPO 3-NT were found COVID-19 vs. healthy subjects. as adjuvant therapy may contribute reduction OS infection through generation GSH. GSH promotes metabolic pathways that depend it, thus contributing TAC restore homeostasis.

Язык: Английский

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The Redox Homeostasis Alteration Is Restored by Melatonin Treatment in COVID-19 Patients

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2024

Type II pneumocytes are the target of SARS-CoV-2 which alters their redox homeostasis to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS). Melatonin (MT) has antioxidant proprieties and protects mitochondrial function. Here we evaluated whether treatment with MT compensated for alteration in serum from COVID-19 patients. We determined oxidative stress (OS) markers such as carbonyls, glutathione (GSH), total capacity (TAC), thiols, nitrites (NO2–), lipid peroxidation (LPO), thiols groups serum. also studied enzymatic activities peroxidase (GPx), -S-transferase (GST), reductase (GR), thioredoxin (TrxR), extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) peroxidases. There was a significant LPO carbonyls (p≤0.03) decrease TAC, NO2–, GSH, (p&amp;lt;0.001) The ecSOD, TrxR, GPx, GST, GR peroxidases were decreased (p≤ 0.04). favored activity enzymes contributed TAC restored lost homeostasis. modulated glucose functioning glycolytic agent inhibited Warburg effect. Thus, restores is altered patients can be used adjuvant therapy infection.

Язык: Английский

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Designing an Efficient Biocatalyst for the Phosphoribosylation of Antiviral Pyrazine-2-carboxamide Derivatives

ACS Catalysis, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(5), С. 3687 - 3699

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2024

The development of technologies for the efficient synthesis innovative antiviral compounds remains an important challenge modern biotechnology, especially in context recent COVID-19 pandemic. One drugs that is currently research spotlight potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity purine mimetic prodrug compound T-705, also known as favipiravir. Along with a similar compound, T-1105, activation T-705 limited by low rate phosphoribosylation, mediated enzyme named hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT). Therefore, phosphoribosylated/ribosylated derivatives these prodrugs viable direction discovery and pharmaceuticals. However, chemical such complex laborious process, whereas enzymatic cascades are not feasible because narrow HGPRT substrate specificity. Here, we report successful rational design biocatalyst T-705/T-1105 phosphoribosylation. With two rounds Thermus thermophilus HB27 active site optimization, have achieved 325-fold increase kcat toward 125-fold T-1105 accompanied multifold decrease KM. practical applicability designed mutant was illustrated through preparative nucleotide derivatives. Our engineered can become basis chemoenzymatic various proven activity. Moreover, our results provide insight into molecular mechanism including experimental evidence explaining reasons behind compounds.

Язык: Английский

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Antimycin A inhibits alpha-herpesvirus replication by disrupting the formation of pyrimidinosomes

Journal of Advanced Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Alpha-herpesvirus poses significant health risks to humans and challenges animal husbandry. Currently, the clinically approved antiviral drug Acyclovir exhibits limitations, including resistance adverse effects. The development of broad-spectrum agents against alpha-herpesvirus is urgently needed. This study aimed discover a novel with capacity broadly inhibit various alpha-herpesviruses. In this study, we conducted high-content screening 1,500 chemical compounds identify potential candidates. mechanisms were explored using phenotypic experiments, untargeted metabolomics, molecular docking. We discovered that Antimycin A effectively inhibits replication alpha-herpesviruses, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), bovine herpesvirus (BHV-1), pseudorabies (PRV). Our revealed viral by disrupting formation pyrimidinosomes are essential for efficient infection. Finally, inhibited infection, prevented tissue damage, enhanced survival in PRV-infected BALB/c mice, confirming its vivo efficacy. emerges as promising lead candidate therapies infections.

Язык: Английский

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Transient SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Mutations after Remdesivir Treatment for Chronic COVID-19 in Two Transplant Recipients: Case Report and Intra-Host Viral Genomic Investigation

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(8), С. 2096 - 2096

Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2023

Remdesivir is the first FDA-approved drug for treating severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and targets RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) that required viral replication. To monitor development of mutations may result in remdesivir resistance during prolonged treatment, we sequenced specimens collected at different treatment time points two transplant patients with COVID-19. In patient, an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell recipient, a transient RdRp catalytic subunit mutation (nsp12:A449V) was observed has not previously been associated resistance. As no vitro study had conducted to elucidate phenotypic effect nsp12:A449V, its clinical significance unclear. second other were detected: one (nsp12:V166A) accessory important processivity (nsp7:D67N). This case report potential link between nsp12:V166A vivo, which only described by studies. The nsp7:D67N resistance, whether it unknown. Our revealed genetic dynamics recipients involved complex (nsp7 nsp12), be selective pressure. These results suggest close monitoring course highly vulnerable patient populations beneficial. Development utilization diagnostic genotyping tests future direction improving management chronic

Язык: Английский

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Favipiravir attachment to a conical nanocarbon: DFT assessments of the drug delivery approach

Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 1216, С. 113866 - 113866

Опубликована: Авг. 28, 2022

Язык: Английский

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