ACS Omega,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
9(8), С. 8632 - 8653
Опубликована: Фев. 16, 2024
Agriculture
waste
has
increased
annually
due
to
the
global
food
demand
and
intensive
animal
production.
Preventing
environmental
degradation
requires
fast
effective
agricultural
treatment.
Aerobic
digestion
or
composting
uses
wastes
create
a
stabilized
sterilized
organic
fertilizer
reduces
chemical
input.
Indeed,
conventional
technology
large
surface
area,
long
fermentation
period,
significant
malodorous
emissions,
inferior
product
quality,
little
for
poor
end
results.
Conventional
loses
lot
of
nitrogen
carbon.
Thus,
this
comprehensive
research
examined
sustainable
adaptable
methods
improving
efficiency.
This
review
summarizes
processes
examines
how
compost
additives
affect
solid
quality.
Our
findings
indicate
that
have
an
impact
on
process
by
influencing
variables
including
temperature,
pH,
moisture.
Compost
additive
amendment
could
dramatically
reduce
gas
emissions
mineral
ion
mobility.
Composting
can
(1)
improve
physicochemical
composition
mixture,
(2)
accelerate
material
disintegration
increase
microbial
activity,
(3)
greenhouse
(GHG)
ammonia
(NH3)
(N)
losses,
(4)
retain
nutrients
soil
nutrient
content,
maturity,
phytotoxicity.
essay
concluded
with
brief
summary
which
is
essential
before
using
it
as
fertilizer.
work
will
add
literature.
To
sustainability
resource
utilization,
strategies
must
be
locally
optimized
involve
created
amendments
in
circular
economy.
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
262(1)
Опубликована: Дек. 5, 2023
Abstract
Composting
influences
heavy
metal
(HM)
speciation
by
transforming
the
exchangeable
and
reducible
forms
of
HMs
to
oxidisable
residual
forms,
promoting
redistribution
a
more
stable
form
thereby
reducing
their
mobility,
leachability,
bioavailability.
This
enhances
HM
passivation
hence
environmental
contamination
possible
HM-related
toxicity.
In
this
review,
we
explored
impact
additives/ameliorants
on
during
composting
reduction
in
bioavailability
compost.
Using
additives
improved
reduced
through
several
mechanisms.
Additives
may
not
reduce
total
concentration
but
bioavailable
concentration,
which
is
importance
risk
assessment.
However,
vermicomposting
exceptional,
as
it
reduces
concentration.
Improving
humification
microbial
activity
at
heart
composting.
Overall,
conditions
substances
that
promote
humification,
thermophilic
phase,
improve
community
structure
enhance
Combining
suitable
depending
interest
final
compost
most
likely
yield
best
result
cum
achieve
safe
product.
